The complex study of gingival microvessels in young people

Morphological and functional features of tissue blood flow are genetically determined, the identification of individual characteristics of microcirculation in the oral mucosa in the gum area can help determine the specifics of periodontal tissue damage in various patients. The aim of the study was to study tissue blood flow and microvessels in different areas of the oral mucosa in young people. In 40 healthy young people, biomicroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry were used to record blood microcirculation indicators in various parts of the gums in the upper and lower jaws. On cadaveric material, the depth of blood vessels in different parts of the gum was studied. As a result of the study, it was found that the density of microvessels and the intensity of blood flow decrease with distance from the transitional fold to the edge of the gum. In the same areas of the mucous membrane in the upper and lower jaws, the microcirculation indicators do not differ. The most common (in 35 out of 40 subjects) in the vessels of the oral mucosa was the mesoemic type of blood microcirculation, in which the tissue blood flow was of medium intensity and the mechanisms of its regulation were balanced. In other cases, very low (hypoemic type) or high (hyperemic type) indicators of tissue blood flow with weak activity of vasomotor mechanisms of regulation of the state of microvessels of the oral mucosa were recorded. Thus, the use of a set of methods for studying the microvasculature of the oral mucosa in the gingival region allows us to quantitatively characterize the state of microvessels, as well as the intensity of tissue blood flow in different parts of the gingiva of the upper and lower jaws in young people. The richest microvascular network is observed in the region of the transitional gingival fold. As the distance from the transitional fold to the marginal part of the gums, the density of capillaries and the intensity of blood flow in them decrease, the gingival mucosa near the neck of the tooth has the lowest microcirculation rates.