The end of theodicy: Semyon Frank and others

The article examines the problem of theodicy in the second half of the 20th century. First, Augustinian theodicy is briefly described. According to Augustin, the omnipotence of God and the presence of evil are compatible with each other. The views of some modern supporters of Augustinian theodicy are considered (R. Swinburne and J. Hick). The development of theodicy by S. L. Frank is then examined. At first he developed Augustinian theodicy, but revised his views during the Second World War. He abandoned the idea of the omnipotence of God and theodicy. Then follows description of the views of J. Moltmann who came up with the idea that it is impossible to rationally explain human sufferings if God is omnipotent, and finally concluded that human suffering can only be justified by the suffering of God. Next, H. Jonas’ concept of the suffering God is presented, which goes back to Isaac Luria’s idea of tzim-tzum. The final part of the article outlines the development of the described ideas in J. Caputo’s “weak theology”. In the tradition presented, the suffering of the world is justified by the suffering of God. God’s strength lies in “weakness” and humility. The conclusion is made that theodicy in this concept is moving towards its end.