Competitiveness and problems of structural modernization

The article examines examples of methodologies for assessing the competitiveness of economic systems. On the example of the twenty most successful countries, an attempt is made to assess the objectivity of the data obtained and analyze the prerequisites enabling the leaders to gain a competitive advantage. Despite the existence of a large number of methods and indicators, one of the most important properties of the economic system is the ability to create a product that is in high demand compared to other products of participants in competition and that the most important is to create maximum surplus value with equal or lower production costs. The structure of export of leaders of competition allows drawing a conclusion that the greatest surplus value brings the product of the technological direction that is a necessity in the process of human functioning or significantly simplifying its functional needs. Thus, the level of competitiveness can be measured by the return on capital investments in the production sectors corresponding to the modern technological structure of the economy, and the economic structure is transformed according to the needs of modern man.