Constitutional and anatomical features of elderly men with sarcopenia

The prevalence of sarcopenia varies widely depending on the population of the surveyed population, differences in sex, age, ethnicity, living conditions, hospitalization, nursing home living, and assessment tools and methods. It is of interest to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in different populations of the elderly. The purpose of the study is to study the frequency of occurrence of sarcopenia in elderly men, depending on the somatotype and anthropometric features in order to determine the algorithm for its rapid diagnosis. A comprehensive anatomical and anthropological examination of 198 men aged 61 to 75 years, suffering from sarcopenia, was carried out. The results obtained were compared with those of 37 elderly men who do not have sarcopenia. The constitutional types of all participants in the study were identified according to the Rees-Eisenck method, the Shevkunenko-Geselevich classification, and body types according to Chernorutsky. The most common comorbidities associated with sarcopenia have been identified and analyzed. The constitutional types most predisposed to the manifestation of sarcopenia were identified. It is proved that on all used classifications the normosthenic according to Chernorutsky and Rees-Eisenck and mesomorphic according to Shevkunenko-Geselevich types prevailed. The most accessible method of somatotyping based on express diagnostics has been tested. It has been proven that hypersthenics are more often prone to sarcopenia, in contrast to representatives of other constitutional types according to Chernorutsky's classification. It was revealed that patients with type II diabetes mellitus (26,3%), with hypertension of I-II degree, chronic heart failure of functional class I (30,8%), obesity of I-II degree (22,7%), osteoporosis (15,1%) in history. The determination of the somatic constitution and the presence in the anamnesis of the most common comorbid conditions with sarcopenia that occur in elderly men helps to identify a predisposition to the development of sarcopenia, which in turn makes it possible to expressly diagnose patients for timely correction of the pathology aimed at eliminating and/or reduce the manifestations of the disease.