Small indigenous minorities of the north in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): implementation features of support programs in the post-Soviet period

The article, based on an analysis of program documents and archival sources that are being introduced into the scientific community for the first time, shows in a comparative perspective the specifics of the implementation of the last socialist and three post-Soviet programs to support the indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The Soviet model focused on modernizing the traditional livelihoods of the region's indigenous people. The first post-Soviet program oriented towards the development of the social sphere, infrastructure, and self-government in the territories inhabited by these social groups. The second program recognized the need for commercial and federal support for the development of small indigenous minorities. The third program is oriented towards the development of traditional economy and self-sufficiency of the indigenous minorities. Post-Soviet programs combined catastrophic underfunding and widespread misuse of funds, which negatively affected their effectiveness.