Indigenous peoples, biodiversity conservation and the implementation of sustainable development goals: general context and local experiences, the case of indigenous peoples of Taimyr and the Taimyr-Evenki population of Rangifer tarandus

The study is a critical analysis of the thesis about indigenous peoples as the key custodians of the planet's biological diversity and is aimed at determining the actual impact of modern economic practices of indigenous peoples on the conservation of biodiversity. To illustrate the modern nature management of indigenous peoples, the study analyzes the impact of the regulatory framework governing traditional economic activities of indigenous peoples and analyzes the interaction of individual ethnic groups living on the Taimyr Peninsula with the Taimyr-Evenki wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) population. Modern hunting practices in conditions of market mechanisms and globalization processes are investigated. It is concluded that there is a significant transformation of social norms, which, in addition to the general acculturation of the aboriginal population, affects hunting methods and casts doubt on the thesis of the positive impact of economic practices of indigenous peoples on the state of ecosystems. An imbalance has been identified between the needs of indigenous peoples in the removal of wildlife and the ability of ecosystems to restore. Measures aimed at eliminating the current imbalance, preserving wild animal populations and achieving sustainable development goals are proposed.