Skipper-Grumanlaner Filat Vozhevolny: stages of biography in the context of Russian development of the archipelagos and islands of the Arctic in the last quarter of the XVIII - early XIX century

The author examines the biography of the skipper Filat Vozhevolny, the son of Semen, who was engaged in fishing in the archipelagos of Spitsbergen (Grumant) and Novaya Zemlya in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. The study of the biographies of individual fisherman-hunters makes it possible to understand the peculiarities of the organization of fishing, to identify personal and professional qualities, without which it was impossible to participate in long and dangerous expeditions to the polar archipelagos. Filat Vozhevolny went fishing from Onega and Arkhangelsk merchants, Vygoretsky old Believer community, and in 1808-1810 he sailed to Novaya Zemlya under the flag of the White Sea Company. In the personality of the skipper, knowledge of navigation, fishing and hunting was combined with adventurism and a penchant for risk, which endangered the life of not only himself, but also of the artel entrusted to him.