Observational basics of cosmology

The work is a review of modern observational methods of cosmology. The main observational tests of the Standard cosmological model are discussed: the discovery of the expansion of the Universe and the modern accelerated expansion of the Universe, the discovery and study of cosmic microwave background radiation and its anisotropy, the discovery of the large-scale structure of the Universe, and the prediction and observation of the abundance of light chemical elements. The current state of research in the field of dark energy and dark matter is briefly described. The problem of searching for cosmological gravitational waves is considered.