Neolithic bone products of the Middle Urals: sources, types, manufacturing techniques

The main sources of Neolithic bone products are cave and peat sites. All Neolithic bone products can be divided into 4 groups: weapons (456 copies), domestic and household items (22 copies), works of art (2 copies) and jewelry (112 copies). The technique of making bone products in the early Neolithic is practically no different from the Mesolithic. The ancient craftsmen used techniques such as padding, scraping, planing, cutting and shearing with stone chopping tools, sawing, grinding, polishing, as well as cutting grooves. The widespread use of chemical softening of bone and the use of turning to produce biconical arrowheads can be considered a revolutionary innovation of the Neolithic era.