Craniological materials of the early bronze age in the river Uil valley in Western Kazakhstan

The work is devoted to the craniological materials of the Pit-grave era of the Kumsai burial mound (Kyryk Oba) in the river Uil valley in the Aktobe region (the Republic of Kazakhstan). The morphological examination of the skulls helped to reveal heterogeneity in the series. The authors describe various craniological complexes such as Paleo-Caucasoid, mesomorphic steppe Southern-Caucasoid, and the craniological complex belonged to the population of forest-steppe and forest zone of the Volga-Ural region. They have drawn some preliminary conclusions about the connection of the population that built the Kumsai burial mounds both with ancestral groups that had moved eastward from the territory of Eastern Europe and with local people who lived there in the pre-Bronze Age.