Creative Industries: Evolution of Approaches and Development Vectors

The article analyzes the impact of creative industries on the development of territories, competitiveness and investment attractiveness of countries, cultural identity and innovation potential. The policy focus in this sphere increasingly shifts towards restoring the "local" as focal point. In the early 2000s, the cluster model began to enjoy widespread support in the development of creative industries. It is shown that emergence of creative clusters stimulates the innovative development of cities and countries, and increases their global competitiveness. The ecosystem approach has not replaced previous concepts and approaches, but exists alongside them, offering an alternative perspective on the creative industries. The ecosystem approach is based on regional creative industries, local cultural resources and their associated potential, rather than copying models of creative clusters and creative cities. It allows us to describe the nature of the evolution of new participants in the system, their relationships with the internal and external environment, the formation of new markets, strategic planning tasks and innovation prospects. The article discusses policy priorities and vectors of development of the creative sector relevant to Russia. After 2022, Russia's creative economy has recovered and is gradually developing, gaining momentum. The current trends that pose threats and require targeted government regulatory measures are outlined.