Who laid siege to the Liventsovka-Karataevo fortress in the lower reaches of the Don?

Approximately 700 arrowheads made of flint and 10 made of obsidian were found in the ruins of the Liventsovka-Karataevo fortress. Most of them were tanged, their base rectangular or rounded in section. Many of the arrows were damaged from having struck against the stone walls surrounding the fortress. A bronze spear-head or arrowhead of a Sintashta type with a rectangular tang was found in the vicinity of the Liventsovka- Karataevo fortress. While triangular bases were typical for Seima-Pokrovka arrows, Sintashta ones were rectangular or roughly rectangular in section. The presence of obsidian arrowheads in the assemblage probably indicates that there were warriors of Caucasian origin among the attackers.