Ritual construction on the settlement area Malyi gon'binskii cordon 1/3 (Barnaul Ob region)

Purpose. The study is devoted to one of the most urgent problems of modern archaeology - reconstruction of ancient structures. One of the most important characteristics of the adaptation systems of archaeological cultures is the traditions of house-building since they are directly related to the production skills and reflect the adaptation of the population to the environment. At the same time, they reveal regional and epochal processes of ethnocultural interactions that took place in antiquity. It is most clearly manifested in transitional periods, at the junction of large chronological epochs. Until recently, materials on the economy of the transitional period from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Altai Priobye area were insufficient in scientific circles. The base monument was the settlement of Near Elbany I, where M. P. Gryaznov unearthed remains of five dugouts. Results. We introduce materials on the settlement of Malyi Gon'binskii Cordon 1/3 (Barnaul Ob region) collected in 1997-2001. The construction belongs to the final stage of the Bronze Age. Settlement is located on the remnant of the radical right bank of the River Ob, opposite the suburb of the city of Barnaul. Was discovered in 1977 by Yu. F. Kiryushin, who collected several dozen fragments of ceramic vessels of the Irmenskaya and Bol'sherechenskaya culture on the plowland of the site. In the field season of 1997, A. L. Kungurov and D. V. Papin conducted security work on the settlement and an additional area of 8  8 m was excavated, where the eastern corner of the foundation pit of the ancient structure was discovered. The study of this construction was continued by D. V. Papin in 1999, who discovered another 172 square meters of the settlement. This area made it possible to almost completely excavate the foundation pit. Thus, the total area of the monument studied during all the years of investigation comprised 240 square meters. The excavated construction belongs to the antiquities of the late stage of the Irmenskaya archaeological culture and to the large semi-earthy type of structures. The absence of foci or traces of warming on the walls and roof speaks for the construction being light enough. The location of the pillars shows the frame-column type of the structure. Using the data obtained, as well as the experience of experts-archaeologists on the materials of lump-sum monuments of adjacent territories, we proposed a graphic reconstruction of the appearance of the structure, reflecting its key features. In general, erection of frame-and-pillar structures was practiced everywhere by culturally diverse groups of the population of the southern part of Western Siberia throughout the Bronze Age and in the transition period from the Bronze to Iron. Conclusion. Determining the purpose of this building, the authors, based on the specificity of the inventory and osteological collection discovered, as well as particular features of the construction design and the presence of a number of a one-time funeral complex, we come to a conclusion about a ritual character of the construction. The ritual purpose explains, among other things, a light structure of the building as additional warming of the walls and roof for complete insulation in winter was not required. Thus, the construction, which was investigated at the settlement of Malyi Gon'binskii Kordon 1/3, occupied an important place in ritual practice and was connected with the near-earth burial ground of the Late Irmen' population at the turn of the Bronze and Iron Ages.