Mound No. 17 of the Kalashnikovo Mound Burial: Chronology and Ecological Context

The analysis of the burial complex of mound 17 at the Kalashnikovo mound burial is presented in the paper. The burial materials are chronologically homogeneous and contain chronological indicators that correspond to chronolog-ical group 3 according to M.L. Pereskokov. These materials belong to the cultural and chronological horizon of Tu-raevo-Kudash and correspond to the set of TK-2 Turaevo mound burial, according to I.O. Gavritukhin. Taking into account the latest dating of the Turaevo mounds, the burials of mound 17 of the Kalashnikovo mound burial can be dated to the 4th quarter of the 4th century. The planographic and stratigraphic analysis of the settlement and burial complexes identified on the site allows us to identify the sequence of their development. In the 2d – 4th centuries AD, a settlement from the middle and late stages of the Glyadenovo culture appeared on the ledge of the root bank of the Sylva River. No later than in the 3rd quarter of the 4th century, as a result of the deterioration and humidification of the climate of the early medieval pessimum, the floodplain of the Sylva River began to flood, causing the settlement to become uninhabitable and abandoned. The population moved to the root terrace, where Kalashnikovo I-II settlements are known. In the 4th quarter of the 5th century, burial mounds started to be built on a higher site of the abandoned settlement. Mound 17 is the earliest one of the studied mounds. As the flooding zone decreased in the 5th century AD, the burial ground continued to expand towards the river. The recorded ecological processes were significant factors in the transformation of the cultures in the Kama region and the changes in patterns of adaptation of the population during the Early Middle Ages.