Labor market of the Republic of Uzbekistan

This is a mutually beneficial and collaborative relationship between marketers and buyers. Generally, the market has five functions:

• 1.    Production and Consumer Consolidation. Economic activity begins with production and ends with consumption. For example, a helicopter factory produces aircraft, but it does not provide food, clothing, housing for its employees, nor does it produce machine tools, helicopters, metal plastics or paint. The factory sells helicopters and pays salaries to workers, who buy live goods from the consumer market. The plant also buys what it needs to manufacture. This means that every consumer is satisfied by the market.

• 2.    The function of converting value from commodity to money. It takes labor to produce a commodity, labor costs to produce, and that labor forms the apex. The cost consists of labor and material resources. Before the commodity enters the market, labor will be in material form (eg food, clothing, machine tools, fuel, etc.). -determined equity) and value are in the form of money.

• 3.    Function of preparation of conditions for production renewal. The enterprises find necessary resources in the market, purchase machines, raw materials, fuel, various materials. They hire workers from the labor market and find necessary information in the market and services needed for various kinds of production. Consumption of these resources means the beginning of production.

• 4.    Economic function of function. This function is performed by the market mechanism. The market answers the question "How much to produce?" The rapid turnaround or deficit of goods in the market, the rise or fall of the goods, indicates whether they are necessary or not. The market is indicative of the "weather" in the economy, such as barometers. If the commodity fails, then it is not needed and its production will be stopped. If you sell and make good profits, your production will grow. The goods are cheaper than the intended ones, but if sold well, this means reducing the cost of the goods. The market mechanism, like hand, drives the economy in one way or another.

• 5.    The function of building economic cooperation between countries and nations. This function is performed by the interstate or world markets. The market requires an expansion of economic cooperation.

Depending on the importation of goods, they are divided into the following types:

• 1.    Open market (free sale and purchase without restriction. Open market is not protected by customs duties. z is an open market by nature, in which all countries can freely participate).

• 2.    The indoor (domestic) market (the volume and types of goods in it will depend primarily on the level of development of local industries), so that goods in this market are mainly food, industrial, household and household. will consist of building materials).

The concept of the labor market, its formation and regulation of the labor market.

Formation and effective development of the labor market is one of the most urgent issues facing the transitional economy. The researcher VA Pavlenkov argues that the market economy encompasses all those who are able to work in the labor market: both employed and unemployed. AA Nikiforova offers another general definition: "The level of labor market development and market forces: it has emerged as a system of social relations that reflects the balance of benefits achieved between entrepreneurs, workers and the state." Some researchers interpret the labor market as a mechanism for self-regulation of labor demand and labor supply through free movement of wages and income. Other researchers argue that the labor market creates conditions to meet supply and demand through direct agreements between employers and job seekers, and does not directly regulate the buying and selling of labor.

According to ISM definition, “the labor market is a growing system in which the subjects of employment create jobs and labor force, the formation of the size, composition and ratio of the employee and the demand for hiring, and the factors of production (labor and The labor market exists, but "in the form of crossshaped, modified forms, and not all-inclusive, but only one of the relations of labor. cover. In our opinion, the labor market is a system for the sale and purchase of "working capacity" of the labor force. The main elements of the labor market components include: - labor force and supply; -value; - competition.

The labor market will have a positive impact on the formation of this market by fully implementing the following basic principles: 1. Free labor force. This means that the able-bodied population is free to choose employment and nonemployment, and there are conditions for the free choice of occupations and activities, which are not prohibited by the labor law, and which take into account the personal and collective interests of each employee; 2. Independent requirement of employers for labor force. Market economy is an opportunity for all employers to freely hire and dismiss employees, in accordance with the Constitution and the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and to protect the interests of citizens by guaranteeing employment, working conditions and remuneration. creates; 3. Legal and social protection of hired employees from their employers; 4. Free determination of salaries and other legal income in accordance with the

Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "not less than the required amount for subsistence".

In Uzbekistan, there are a number of constraints on the effective labor market formation: - underdeveloped areas of labor exploitation; - Low wages, -rising prices for consumer goods; - Low skills and mobility of the hired labor force; - Insufficient experience of employers, etc.

In the system of social and economic relations arising in the labor market, the relationship between employers and employees is central to establishing employment and working conditions, addressing one or another problem, and addressing social and labor conflicts. In the labor market, these relationships are governed by collective, individual and territorial approaches. It should be noted that in areas with excess labor resources (for example, Andijan, Ferghana, Namangan, Tashkent, Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Bukhara and Khorezm regions), labor market demand is considered to be the most effective way of regulating labor demand ( exploring ways to stimulate demand for the labor force - aimed at rational employment of labor resources and development of efficient networks for these regions, and reducing its supply (expansion of general education programs based on the National Program for Personnel Training in the country); and enhancing vocational training by extending the duration of study, increasing the number of day-time education facilities, and reducing the number of students in evening and correspondence courses. Increasing Fellowship for Suffering Women Welfare Benefits for Women c augmentation of benefits, provision of benefits in calculating the length of service, retirement benefits for pensioners and their caregivers - measures to reduce the flow of labor in the labor market).

Demand for manpower in regions where there is a shortage of labor resources (for example, Jizzakh, Syrdarya regions and the Republic of Karakalpakstan) Increasing labor productivity in reducing demand for labor, including establishing additional taxes on use, pursuing a strict credit policy, introducing a one-time payment for hiring an employee, reducing redundancies and employees. and savings are important), and increasing their supply (which, under current conditions, cannot necessarily increase the supply of labor to the labor bureau) is a feasible way to regulate the labor market.

Source used:

• 1.    Abdullaev Y. «Fundamentals of a market economy». Tashkent: "Labor" -1997

• 2.    Abdurahmanov KH, Bozorov N., Volgin N and others. «Economics and sociology of labor». Tashkent: The Teacher - 2001

• 3.    Abdurahmanov. Q., Holmominov Sh.R. "Economics of Labor and Sociology", Tashkent-2004

• 4.    Usmonov SN, Dodoboev Yu.T. «Fundamentals of a market economy». Tashkent: "Science" -1999

• 5.    Almasov A. "Fundamentals of Economics". Tashkent: Labor-1997

"Экономика и социум" №12(67) 2019