Language game in modern Russian television media texts: typology and implementation

Since the language game is a quite fascinating and vivid phenomenon implementing the human language function and extensively penetrating virtually all areas of language spoken language, fiction, the language of advertising texts, the language of mass media and communication (print, radio, television, Internet), in political discourse and, most surprisingly, even in the sphere of scientific speech.

What is the key to creating effective, bright, eye-catching headlines that can attract and retain the attention of the audience? Certainly, the resources of the language game provide us with a tremendous amount of assistance Through radio and television broadcasting, it is possible to study language influence and develop skills in convincing, competent

Вестник Российского нового университетаСерия «Человек в современном мире», выпуск 2 за 2022 год

Хамид Муса Мохамед Альсадиг аспирант, ассистент кафедры иностранных языков, Факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук, Российский университет дружбы народов, Москва. Сфера научных интересов: риторика и межкультурная коммуникация, реклама, деловой английский язык, медиатекст и лингвистика. Автор 7 опубликованных научных работ.

written and spoken language and to consolidate these skills [9].

Therefore, a language game is a nonstandard creative use of any language units to generate witty statements, including those of a comic character. In the texts of journalists, the language game can capture the attention of the audience, hold the attention of the viewer for example: just imagine for a documentary (NTV – НТВ) journalist Vadim Takmenev (Вадим Такменев) was made up 45 possible title variants, and as a result the film was called (Code of Silence – Кодекс молчания) it was dedicated to deaf-mute people but in order to come up with a catchy title sometimes it is necessary to look through a huge number of options, what was the suggested title (gesture of despair, difficulty of sign language interpretation, can’t be silent, missed hearing, mute scene, the gift of speech, speechless question, hearing Not Deaf, conspiracy of silence, hearing test, deaf wall, silent boys, deaf-mute love, deaf-mute, Motherland hears, Vow of Silence, No. words, moments of silence, silent terror, silent game, right to speak, silent abysses, Keepers of Silence, Great mute, sound bar- rier, part of speech, No. one will hear, shouting to heaven, One hundred years of solitude, one hundred years of silence, deaf defense, living silence, deafening life, deafening success, Nest of the deaf, quiet time, asking for silence, mute, sounds of mu, and silent sadness silent – жест отчаяния, трудности сурдоперевода, не могу молчать, прошел слух, немая сцена, дар речи, немой вопрос, слышу не глухой, заговор молчания, проверка слуха, глухая стена, молчание ребят, глухонемая любовь, глухомань, Родина слышит, обет молчания, без слов, минуты тишины, тихий ужас, игра в молчанку, право голоса, тихие омуты, хранители тишины, великий немой, звуковой барьер, часть речи, никто не услышит, докричаться до небес, сто лет одиночества, сто лет тишины, глухая оборона, живая тишина, оглушительная жизнь, оглушительный успех, гнездо глухаря, тихое время, прошу тишины, немой, звуки му, и молчи, грусть, молчи). of course, many of the different options were rejected because they violate ethical norms, and most likely, the journalist was just looking together with the editor-in-chief for some original option and tried different ways, using different

Языковая игра в современных российских телевизионных медиатекстах: 119типология и применение 119

tricks of the language game, to come up with a bright headline at once. More reason to sketch out as many as 45 variants in such quantity. But here are some techniques to try and take on board that will diversify our speech. At the present article are analyzing language games on five linguistic levels: phonetic, word-formation, morphological, lexical, and syntactic in various at the present article are analyzing language games on five linguistic levels: phonetic, word-formation, morphological, lexical, and syntactic in various media texts Russian media texts.

1 – Paronymic attraction: an effective stylistic technique called paronymic attraction is based on the conjunction and contamination of words in which the substitution of a sound gives rise to a new meaning Here are examples of speech changes such as: TV-announcement take “ ЖЭК-По троши тель” – from the name of serial killer Джек-потроши ́ тель (Jack the Ripper) but ЖЭК here refer to housing and communal services tariffs – ЖКХ ТАРИФЫ , “ Мёртвые суши” – is a 2012 Japanese horror comedy film directed by Noboru Iguchi, but taken from the 19^th century Russian novel by Nikolai Gogol “Мертвые души” – “Dead Souls”, “ Еда не приходит одна” – “food never comes alone”: taken from a popular proverb – “Trouble never comes alone” – “ беда не приходит одна” ). Recalling the unexpected visit of French politician Ségolène Royal to Russia in 2007, who was aptly referred to by TV reporters as “the Royal in the bush” – “ притёсок Рояль в кустах ”. Incidentally, this is the technique that the author Lyovsh Nikolai Leskov frequently used in his styling of vernacular speech, for example: “voshpi-tal” – “ вошпиталь” – from the words “ вошь” and “ госпиталь” – “louse” and “hospital”, or “Gulvar” – “ Гульвар” instead of “boulevard” – “ бульвар” , “spinzhak” – “ спинжак” instead of “ пиджак” – “jackets”.

Thus, the language game is a creative use of any linguistic means to produce witty expressive statements, including comical character in the sphere of language, it implements various functions:

Well, firstly, the language game is widespread in modern media texts and today in connection with the desire of the media to amplify expressiveness and explicitness, because it is expressiveness that underlies the language game, so it is possible to refer to the tendency of the language game and its incredible popularity in order to create new turns of speech and enrich the vocabulary, Secondly, the language game is implemented in speech with regard to the features of the speech situation and the interlocutor, which means that it is necessary to realize his desires.

Th eoretical Framework. Th e Expressive Functions of Language Games in Media Texts

The language game is carried out by the following rules, firstly, it is the presence of the participants of the game; that is, the author and the recipient of speech, secondly, the presence of the game material; that is, the language means used by the author and perceived by the recipient of speech, and thirdly, appropriate conditions and rules, which will regulate the communicative behavior of the game participants; in this case, the language game.

Accordingly, the language game in the media has specific functions: first, the evaluative function, which is aimed at influencing the audience in an interesting game form, and secondly, the aesthetic function is the conscious desire to experience itself and cause its listeners, readers, and spectators’ pleasure from the form of speech itself, well and of course the pragmatic function, which is aimed at attracting attention to the original

120 Вестник Российского нового университета120 Серия «Человек в современном мире», выпуск 2 за 2022 год

form of speech. And still, one must not forget about the expressive functions, which serve a more figurative and more vivid transfer of thought. The means of all language levels are used for the language game [1].

Levels of Language Game Corresponding to the Levels of Language in TV Media Texts and Announcements

First of all, it may assert the easiest technique – graphic level, in the language of modern media is widespread graphic language game example and then goes large, highlighted font “George Bush” – “ Джордж побушует ” and here in the word “po Bush uet” – “ по Буш ует ” is highlighted “ Буш” – “Bush”.

A variation of the graphic game is to use the Latin alphabet or other iconic symbols, for instance: “ Какое пиво Мы выBEER-аем” – “What kind of beer are we going to drink”. Another example: “Audience” – “ Аудиенция” – “ Audiенция” is written in the same way as the brand name of a famous German car. Nowadays, the world is living in self-isolation and there is such an interesting example of a graphic game and sound: “ Sidi дома” – “stay at home”, “sidi” is written in the Latin alphabet means “stay”, or “ Miniмальный кредит” – “Mini” is written the same way as the Audi name means minimal, “ спеццены” – “ спе$$ены” – “specialprice” we can often see that the Russian letters “ ц”, “c ” are written as “$” dollar symbol is the simplest method, all of the above examples are the most obvious examples of graphic language game [2].

There can be also another level is the phonetic level, to catch attention, journalists use techniques based on sound effects; that is, using rhyme, the consonance of the words For example, in the songs of the famous Russian artist ( Сергей Шнуров – Sergei

Shnurov) there are often expressive titles, you remember what Shnurov writes us: “ ты баба-бомба” – “you baba-bomb”, “ в Питере – пить” – “in Peter – drink” and “ Ты просто космос, Стас” – “You just cosmos, Stas” that is constantly alliteration assonance.

Further level of the language game is the word-formation level and this is where the rich resources of the word-formation system of Russian are used, for example, the usage of Russian word-formation suffixes, which are typical for place names, such recognizable suffixes when we use them in foreign proper names or place names, immediately it looks like a kind of norm violation, as a means to attract attention, so as to achieve a certain goal, for example: “ крестьяне тихощины – Мичигане при Миссисипи перевыполнили план по весеннему силу” – peasants of Tikhotsk – Michigan under Mississippi.

Yet another common trick of language games is to form a new word by combining parts of two words or expressions associated with each other by some associations, once again we will give very simple examples, their purpose is merely to show everyone the scheme and the model itself, not to make people laugh, for example: “ жел то пресная га зе та” – “a tabloid newspaper” from the words “ жёлтая” и “пресса” – “yellow” and “press” or “ го су дар ст вен ная бло го твори-тель ность” – “state blog charity”, but it only says “ блог” and “ благотворительность” – “blog” and “charity”, so it’s a misuse of the words “ блог” – “blog” and “ бла го твори тель ность” – “charity” that results in “blog charity” or “ кремле трясение” – “the Kremlin” and “earthquake”). Well, this is exactly the same scheme I showed earlier.

One of the favorite tricks of journalists is the use of idioms in the language game. Idioms can be substantially transformed by analogy with the well-known proverb “ не хлебом

Языковая игра в современных российских телевизионных медиатекстах:

единым жив человек” – “not by bread alone man lives”, the author, for example, in one of his publications has resorted to the language game “ неметаллам единым” – “does not metal alone” is an article about the South Urals region, which is focused on the extraction of metal.

The headline of the article « врачи прилетели на помощь населению России” – “doctors flew in to help the population of Russia” by analogy with Alexey Savrasov’s famous painting “ Грачи ́ прилете ́ ли” – “The Rooks Have Flown In”, “ Кто был ничем, тот ни при чём ” – “Who was nothing is nothing” the famous words of the international Proletarian anthem International.

Many people like the headlines of the newspaper (Kommersant), let’s try to find out what trick Kommersant journalists have been using for more than 30 years, they use precedent phenomena in the language game, and if earlier the problems of precedent phenomena in the language game were interesting only for specialists, now this very precedent became one of the main distinctive features of modern journalism in general. The fact is that the leading features of the postmodern era are intertextuality, just as it presupposes a linguistic game of meaning in the rarified ordinary quotations, the rollcall of texts by different authors and the media [7]. The media are precisely the conductors of mass culture, so the main problems of literature have also affected the language of the texts of journalists and bloggers. Thus, the precedent phenomena in the language game are a manifestation of the intertextuality of the modern unrestrained media text [3].

Just in modern media texts, journalists skillfully use different stylistic devices, they try to select some kind of precedent names and introduce additional connotations into them, that is, some shades of meaning, thereby highlighting the internal form

типология и применение 121

of this precedent phenomenon, as can be seen in the example: “ Рояль в кустах” – “The Royal in the bushes” is a Frenchwoman who challenged Jacques Chirac himself and the documentary film by Vadim Takme-nev “ мир под каблуком” – “ the world under the heel” – a technique of paronomasia, which was a synthesis of phonetic and connotative information – this is a very common technique for playing with precedent phenomena and its popularity is due to what is perceived by the viewer the auditory and influencing function of the radio text or texts on television increases significantly, for example: a special issue of the program “ профессия репортер” – “profession reporter” of NTV – НТВ ) was dedicated to “ Тюльпановая революция” – “the Tulip Revolution” in Kyrgyzstan and the voluntary resignation of the country’s president Askar Akaev, since this film was called cursed days, the audience those familiar with the work of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin immediately felt the connection of this precedent statement with the source text “ окаянные дни ” – “cursed days”, this is Bunin’s diary pamphlet about the revolution and civil war in Russia from the first days of 1918 to June 1919, and those who understood the deep meaning of the statement, were able to appreciate this language game, because in any case, the author was able to achieve the desired emotional reactions of viewers and thus increased this influencing pragmatic potential of the off-screen text, that is, those who understood “ окаянные дни” – “ the cursed days”, a reference to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin reached them, and those who did not they only understood what Askar Akayev meant “ окаянные дни” – “ damned days”, they saw the first level of the language game, maybe they didn’t immediately consider the deep meaning, didn’t feel what kind of game it was, that is, they didn’t understand any direct meaning, but the multifac-

122 Вестник Российского нового университета122 Серия «Человек в современном мире», выпуск 2 за 2022 год

eted subtext arises when the listener, viewer, reader is faced with the use of precedent phenomena of the language game in media text Another good example, it seems to us generally great “ ВРЕМЯ Ч” – “TIME CH” the first association we have is about Che Guevara, this name was used by Andrei Loshak in a documentary in which he talked about the leaders of the Latin Alliance and the great Bolivarian Revolution, the journalist specifically updates the direct meaning of the components. the precedent statement “ ВРЕМЯ Ч” – “TIME CH” at the same time retains the meaning of the statement as a whole, because “ ВРЕМЯ Ч” – “ TIME CH” is the start time of the operation, the symbol for the start of military operations, and this is from the speech of the military and the meaning of the name becomes clear to viewers only from the context, and this context is reinforced by the video nearby because that, we are talking about such a television text and, accordingly, in all media texts – the effect of surprise arises due to the fact that the usual expression “ВРЕМЯ Ч ” – “TIME CH” is used here in a literal sense – this is a literal metaphor. The return of direct meaning by the utterance component and thus the influencing potential of the text increases due to the viewer’s positive assessment of the language game with the precedent name. You give your listener pleasure, including intellectual pleasure, because it’s still a mystery – it’s a thread cipher, and when your audience solves this cipher, it smiles, rejoices and praises itself internally and enjoys it [4].

What other techniques we might have for utilizing precedence in the language game, first of all it is worth noting that the contamination of two precedent names, as in the film by Alexander Zinenko, who was preparing a documentary on NTV, where he described girls who were underage, who became mothers at a very early age and generally covered the problem of the child sexual revolution in Russia and the contamination of two precedent names was used “Мадонна с младенцем” and “Лолита” – “Madonna with a baby” and “Lolita” are both precedent names from which the film was called “Лолита с младенцем” – “Lolita with a baby”.

Methodology

Our study used the qualitative approach which provides a means for testing objective theories by examining t he relationship among variables. We have synthesised utilisation and contentment theory with the current literature on news agency credibility and selection of media outlets [8]

A linguistic content analysis is a technique for coding textual content data through the categorisation of textual keywords and the identification of the relationships between these words. The coded textual data have been analysed by using the methods of logic regression [10].

Results and Discussion. Linguistic Issues in the Use of Language Game in Media Texts

The use of a language game in the media often speaks of the desire of a journalist to creatively use the possibilities of language when creating material, but there are also negative aspects, for example, very often we are faced with the following such linguistic problems, we see how derogatory terms very often in the press occurring. and we can find many examples of the use of precedent phenomena of the language game, revealing such topics of the bodily bottom, for example, a journalist can use the shock function in these precedent phenomena in the language game, this is especially common in the announcements of such yellow mass programs, on NTV we could often see such programs: “ максимум, русские