The latent asymmetry of the systemic organization of the humerus of the domestic bull (Bos taurus) as evidence of the morphological-functional differentiation of the bones of the mammalian limbs

Differences in the degree of development of the bones of the proximal part of the thoracic limbs are associated with the peculiarities of the biomechanics of the mammalian species. Symmetric locomotion is characteristic of Bovinae. In the comparative anatomical aspect, it is of interest to clarify the asymmetry of the anatomical structures that provide this kind of movement. The purpose of the study is the analyze the features of the structure and systemic organization of the humerus of large cloven-hoofed animals with a dorso-stable type of locomotion using the example of a domestic bull. The results of a study of the features of the systemic organization of the anatomical structures of the humerus of the domestic bull based on the measurement of its osteometrical parameters are presented. On each bone of 40 animals, 29 structures were measured. The values of the linear parameters were normalized, the transverse diameter of the bone shaft in the middle of its length was taken as a unit...