The treatment of simple traumatic instability of the elbow joint

This article analyzes the data published in the world literature on the treatment of acute simple traumatic instability of the elbow joint and simple dislocations of the forearm bones, provides epidemiology data, identifies anatomical features of static and dynamic stabilizers of the elbow joint, analyzes in detail the currently studied possible mechanisms of injury, presents modern classifications of dislocations of the forearm bones and instability of the elbow joint, which are quite complex for use in clinical practice due to their complexity, associated with a large number of soft-tissue structures that damage during dislocation, with the need to take into account the time factor and the direction of dislocation. A detailed list of diagnostic measures performed before and after the removal of dislocation of the forearm bones is also demonstrated. Using the example of a number of studies, modern trends in the conservative treatment of simple dislocations of the forearm are studied, consisting in reducing the time of immobilization of the elbow joint and even abandoning permanent immobilization, early development of movements, which favorably affects the amplitude of movements and does not contribute to the development of instability. The main criterion determining the need for surgical treatment after the removal of dislocation of the forearm bones is the continuing instability of the elbow joint. An attempt was made on the basis of data from local and foreign publications to detect predictors of instability of the elbow joint and to determine exhaustive criteria for which it is necessary to perform reconstruction of the ligaments of the elbow joint.