Legio XII Fulminata and the "Error" of Bishop Apollinaris of Hierapolis

This article provides an original explanation for the error of Bishop Apollinaris of Hierapolis regarding the cognomen of the XII legio "Fulminata". Having analyzed the various versions proposed by historians of recent centuries: the ignorance of the Bishop of Hierapolis, the use of an inauthentic source by Bishop Eusebius, and a deliberate lie, the author concludes that each of them is not without significant shortcomings. Having analyzed the historical context, the author comes to the conclusion that this error is a consequence of an incorrect interpretation of the text of Bishop Apollinaris by Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea.