“Person”, “individual” and “personality” as forms of human existence in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and in French personalism of Jean Lacroix and Emmanuel Mounier

The article presents the study of the forms of human existence as they are understood in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and in the French personalism of Jean Lacroix and Emmanuel Mounier. The focus is both on understanding the problem of human existence in general, and on studying those specific forms in which it is embodied in the works of Kant and personalist philosophers, in particular. In the course of the research, attention is paid to the fact that both Kant and the personalist philosophers Lacroix and Mounier operate with similar concepts that express specific forms of human existence, namely: “person”, “individual” and “personality”. These concepts allow us to consider the problem of human existence in the most holistic way, reflecting all the versatility and complexity of this phenomenon. In the course of the research, the characteristics of the forms of human existence “person”, “individual” and “personality” are identified and studied, first in the philosophy of Kant, then in the personalism of Lacroix and Mounier, and then their comparative analysis follows. The conclusion is that the concepts of “person” and “individual”, both in the philosophy of Kant and in the personalism of Lacroix and Mounier are the basic, initially given forms of human existence, which are designed to designate something singular and unique in a human. The concept of “personality” in its turn is the highest form of human existence, and performs the function of the goal of a human’s life path, which is achieved through spiritual and moral improvement.