Life and literary heritage of Abdurahmon Tamkin Bukhari

Abdurahmon Tamkin Bukhari lived and worked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries he was a prolific writer, a brilliant poet, and one of the leading scholars of his time. Ahmad Donish Tamkin, an enlightened scholar of his time, was one of the great poets and praised his work. Shahin, Muztarib and Tamkin were the first poets of that time.

As for the first source:

"In the works of nineteenth-century writers such as Afzal Makhdumi Pirmasti and Haji Nematullo Mukhtaram, there is abstract information about the Bukhara poet Tamkin, or more precisely, misinformation that distorts the truth." Tajik scientist Askar John Fido writes [6, 3].

In fact, these comments do not provide accurate information about Tamkin. Because Tamkin's work has not been studied in Uzbek literature yet. We will try to address this issue as much as possible.

The second source is Tamkin's works, in which the poet makes some references to himself. If we keep these signs in our focus and look at the memory of the poet's students, we will find similarities and closeness. Because of this harmony, clarity about the poet’s life and work can be achieved.

Jafarov, a student of the poet, played an important role in putting an end to various opinions about the life and work of A. Tamkin.

In Jafarov's writings: “Dar sanai 1905 melody (equivalent to 1322 AH) I studied in the garden of Bukhara, in the garden of Haji Makhdum. Alassaboh bo Hoji Mahdum ba hovlii domullo Abdurahmoni Tamkin raftem. Domullo was a humble and gentle man. Sinni sharifi eshon karib boi panjohu se rasida bud… ”. From this information it is clear that if the poet was 53 years old in 1905, it means that he was born in 1851-1852 in the Boyrabofi district of Bukhara. His father was Mulla Abdukhaliq. Tamkin lived in Bukhara. He was educated in Bukhara madrassas and lived in his hometown, where he was very pleased to study science and described his peaceful life as follows:

“Bihisht joi tu, Tamkin chi joi reb dar o’

Ki monda bog’chaye yodgor az padar ast”.

Translation: “Paradise is your Tamkin, your door is the gate of heaven, The garden here is a memorial to your father. ”

Results and discussion. Boyrabofon neighborhood, where Abdurahmon Tamkin lived, is one of the largest guzars in Bukhara. This neighborhood was founded in 1846. However, the name of the guzar was Boriyabofon, and there was a mosque named after Haji Qurban. Boyrabofon mahalla is also called Besh kappa. Later, the guzar was named after the people who were engaged in weaving mats.

Boyrabofon mahalla was large and densely populated. They speak Turkish. The population of the mahalla is divided into two groups: Uzbeks from Khorezm in the southern part of the mahalla, and Turkmens from Charjoi in the northern part. They moved by order of King Murad. Shah Murad won a battle with the Khorezm khan and brought some of the Khorezmians to the city center, but due to lack of space, he gave them a place here due to the density of the population. Some Turkmen fled to Karakul district due to lack of space. Khorezmian and Turkmen Khidir-Hellenes used to live together. However, during the reign of Amir Alimkhan, each nation chose its own elder and was divided into two. Both groups are engaged in weaving.

They also had their own bazaars in Guzar. Many residents of the neighborhood also did soap making.

According to 1927 reports, there were 107 farms in Guzar with a population of 420 people. In 1929, it merged with the neighboring Chorbakkoli gate Samarkand, Olim Khoja guzars and became known as Samarkand guzar.

Now this guzar is again called by its old name - Boyrabofon [1,  28-30].

Abdurahmon Tamkin Bukhari lived and worked in this neighborhood all his life and left a legacy of beautiful works and exemplary way of life to our people.

Tamkin taught at the Dorushshifo madrasah in Bukhara. It is known from the works of the poet that before he became a teacher, he was an imam and worked in the affairs of state. In the year 1315, Hazrat Zillil Alamin (Amir Abdulahad) became a member of the Ahl al-Fazlu Kamal Jirvapazir in the memory of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Bo hama vusuli ne'mat va ihsani kasir ba katar sar karda va amoratpanohon muvojib va atima az noni ehsani kasir bo shahdu shiri nomzad va khosog megardid ”[2, 8-9]. Molistan consists of 17 bytes, written in the form of an anthem to the Emir of Bukhara Abdullah Khan, and written in the continental genre. In addition, another hymn of Tamkin is dedicated to Abdullah Khan. The work is 71 bytes long and is called "Ganji shoygon" ("King of the Kings"). It was during these years that the poet believed that the causes of all oppression and ignorance were the amirs around him. He called on Amir Abdullah not to believe them and to be religious.

Ashkam az mijgon ba ro’yam obro’yam rext –rext,

Obro ’ barbod shud, durri nako yam rext-rext [4,11].

(Tears well up in my eyes,

My reputation was ruined, my dreams fell to the ground).

Amir Abdullah also paid close attention to the poet. However, due to the provocations of the people, the poet gradually lost sight of the Emir. No matter how much the poet expects blessings, the Emir will not get what he expects. Eventually, Tamkin's trust and asylum were replaced by endless hatred and he left the palace. He is so disappointed in his courtiers that he does not even want to face them. He even expressed this desire through a story in Molistan.

Tamkin’s literary heritage is rich and prolific. He has created in all genres. For example, he wrote in qasida, ghazal, muhammas, qita, fard, chiston, problema and hajw. Most of his works are written in Tajik, but some of his poems are written in Uzbek and Arabic, indicating that Tamkin is fluent in all three languages.Through the work of A. Tamkin, a brilliant representative of the Bukhara literary environment of the XIX-early XX centuries, it is possible to say that the literature of this period reached the school level as a brilliant literature.