Text linguistics in diachrony and synchrony

The article concerns main issues of the text linguistics in synchrony and diachrony. It is mentioned that the historical text linguistics as an integrated theory has not been formulated in Russian linguistics yet. There exist only some works on separate subjects of this theory. The specific features of using the term discourse in diachronic research works are described, a lot of definitions of the notion text are given. The impossibility of giving a general definition of the term text is explained by the complexity as well as multiversity of it as an object that has versatile functions, being both a means of communication and an information transfer, the reflection of psychological life of a human, and a product of a definite historical epoch; a form of culture existence and reflection of social and cultural tradition. The author defines main peculiarities of a middle aged written text: dignity and norm, the rolling stages -substantial and rational - are characterized. As some text units (phrase, verse) are not relevant for language diachrony, the author explains the usage of the term structure and content unity. One more issue of the modern text theory, namely the quantity and content of the text categories, is offered for discussion; in the light of synchrony and diachrony it has an ambiguous answer. The categories of integrity and completeness of the text are interpreted differently due to the enfilade principle of a text.