Literature at school: problems of analysis of a work of art in school and ways to solve them

The article raises a number of important issues of modern methods of teaching literature as an academic subject at school. Among them, the author highlights, first of all, the problem of weak differentiation of analysis as a process of searching and attributing techniques of expressiveness and analysis as comprehension of the conceptual integrity of a literary text in the unity of its form and content. The path to a solution should be based on a different approach to texts than the genre-generic principle, namely, their differentiation in terms of the ratio of the “direct”, rhetorical word and the “allegorical word” in them.