Людям, совершившим попытку самоубийства, нужна особая психотерапия
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Попытка суицида - главный фактор риска для повторных попыток суицида и смерти вследствие самоубийства. Пока лишь немногие терапевтические программы успешно и эффективно снижают суицидальный риск людей после попытки. В статье утверждается, что традиционная медицинская модель суицидального поведения не помогает активной вовлечённости пациентов в лечение, и потому нам нужен иной подход к суицидальному пациенту. Наша исследовательская команда разработала и оценила новую, краткосрочную и весьма рентабельную терапевтическую программу (краткая программа интервенции после попытки самоубийства, ASSIP). В противоположность медицинской модели, которая понимает суицид как последствие психической болезни, модель ASSIP основана на понимании суицида как личного поступка, который можно внимательно изучить в сотрудничающем терапевтическом подходе. Подход с позиций теории поступка радикально центрирован на пациенте, он понимается как агент, деятель своего суицидального поступка. Подход поддерживает активную вовлечённость пациентов в терапию. Главный её элемент - собственный нарратив пациента, который помещает суицидальную попытку в биографический контекст. С помощью терапевта суицидальный кризис может быть понят, объяснён и переосмыслен. ASSIP была оценена в рандомизированном контролируемом исследовании с 120 участниками. После 24 месяцев врачебного наблюдения экспериментальная группа имела сниженный на 80% показатель повторных суицидальных попыток. Статья объясняет теоретические обоснования и развитие ASSIP, а также представляет обзор сессий ASSIP и обсуждение лечебных факторов терапевтического процесса.
Попытка суицида, превенция суицидов, психотерапия, терапевтический альянс, рандомизированное контролируемое исследование
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140251020
IDR: 140251020 | DOI: 10.32878/suiciderus.20-11-02(39)-51-65
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