Macro- and microstructure of lignosulfonates depending on the base of cooking acid

Lignosulfonate, as a binder, for foundry production occurs in the 20th-30th of the XX century. At first, lignosulfonate was quoted as a waste of pulp and paper production, and it was considered to replace oil binders, but separately lignosulfonate as a binder did not justify the hopes of replacing oil binders due to low strength properties, and A.M. Lyass in his classification assigned lignosulfonates a place at the very bottom (B-3). Basically, sodium lignosulfonate is not used independently as a binder, but only as an additive to the mixture in the form of high-density aqueous solutions or dry powder. In terms of the volume of use as binders, lignosulfonates occupy the third place in the foundry after clay and liquid glass. There are many sources describing and explaining the complex structure of lignosulfonates. The study of the behavior of forming macromolecules in solutions is important not only for determining their molecular characteristics, but is important, both from a theoretical and practical point of view, for regulating the properties of viscosity and strength, which is widely used by specialists in the oil industry, crystallography, physical and colloidal chemistry. The article attempts, based on the studies listed in the authors' article, to explain the revealed patterns and clarify the structure based on calculations using the method of packing balls. But the processes with rod mixtures cured without heating have been little studied. This allows for a more thorough study of both the nature of the binder and its binding qualities. The search for ways to improve the binding capacity with modified lignosulfonate (with grafted active groups on the surface of the molecule or with the addition of another component) will allow to obtain a better binder and intensify the hardening process.