Maternal effect in inheritance of mid-oleic acid content in the f1 seeds of sunflower

The aim of this work was to study the patterns of inheritance of the mid-oleic content in F1 seed oil for scientific support of sunflower breeding to improve the quality of the oil. Four constant inbred lines of sunflower from VNIIMK genetic collection with different content of oleic acid were used: low oleic RHA416 (28.2%), increased oleic VK678 (47.8%), mid-oleic LG 27 (66.1%) and high oleic LG26 (88.1%, 0l mutation). Fatty acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters on the chromatograph Chrom-5. When crossing mid-oleic line LG27 with low oleic RHA416, a significant difference in reciprocal crosses of F1 on the content of oleic acid on 21.4% was found. While reciprocal indexes F1 deviated towards the maternal parent phenotype. The inheritance of the studied trait in the F1 belonged to intermediate type. When crossing lines LG27 and VK678 with an increased content of oleic acid within a normal phenotypic class, the difference in reciprocal F1 averaged over two years was 5.9 %. The deviation was also directed towards a female and inheritance of the studied trait in the F1 belonged to intermediate type. When LG27 was crossed with the high oleic line LG26, in reciprocal F1 the expected dominance of the high oleic mutations was observed. The use of line LG27 as maternal forms increased the content of oleic acid in F1 up to 90 %. The degree of maternal effect of mid-oleic trait of line LG27, as the h/d ratio, ranged from 0.48 to 0.79 when applying the pollen of RHA416 and VK678 lines. Thus, the maternal effect of mid-oleic trait of the LG27 line is not complete. When LG27 line was crossed with a high oleic LG26 line, synergism of mutation 0l and mid-oleic trait was observed (h/d = 1,18), which led to overdomination, i.e. exceeding the values of oleic acid content in the F1 hybrid regarding to high oleic male lines LG26.