Medical and Social Consequences of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women of Fertile Age (Literature Review)

Iron deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age remains one of the most common and socially significant forms of nutritional deficiency, significantly affecting women's health and demographic indicators. Despite the availability of a significant body of clinical research, the medical and social consequences of iron deficiency anemia are often considered fragmentarily, without a comprehensive assessment of their impact on reproductive health, the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and the quality of life of women of childbearing age. The aim of this literature review is to summarize and systematize current domestic and international scientific data on the medical and social consequences of iron deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age and analyze the main areas of its prevention. An analysis of scientific publications has established that iron deficiency anemia is associated with menstrual irregularities, decreased fertility, an increased risk of reproductive loss, and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, including premature birth and placental insufficiency. It is noted that iron deficiency negatively impacts women's physical and psycho-emotional well-being, reducing work capacity, social activity, and the body's adaptive capacity, emphasizing the pronounced medical and social nature of this pathology. The review places particular emphasis on the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, which should be multifaceted and include population-based measures, primary care interventions, and individualized preventive strategies. A comprehensive approach to preventing iron deficiency anemia in women of childbearing age is considered an important prerequisite for preserving reproductive potential and improving the quality of life of the female population.