Механизмы поддержания и изменений формы и размеров клеточного ядра (обзор)

Автор: Арешидзе Давид Александрович

Журнал: Морфологические ведомости @morpholetter

Рубрика: Оригинальные исследования

Статья в выпуске: 3 т.30, 2022 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Размер и форма клеточного ядра являются одними из часто используемых параметров в исследованиях отечественных и зарубежных авторов, не только как необходимые для расчета ядерно-цитоплазматического отношения клетки в онтогенезе, дифференцировке, при патологических процессах, но и имеющие ценность сами как таковые. Однако в дискуссиях высказываются две крайние точки зрения на ценность информации о форме и, особенно, о размере ядра. Согласно первой точке зрения морфометрия размеров и формы ядра клетки без измерения цитоплазмы с последующим вычислением ядерно-цитоплазматического отношения не имеет никакого смысла, а полученные данные не несут значимой информации. Сторонники второй точки зрения рассматривают клеточное ядро как лабильный и значимый индикатор морфофункционального состояния клетки, размер и форма которого меняются при нормальном старении, патологических состояниях, пролиферации, экспрессии генов и синтезе белков. В связи с этим проведен мета-анализ современной научной литературы, посвященной исследованию механизмов поддержания и изменения размеров и формы ядра клетки. Полученные данные подвергались аналитическому исследованию на предмет формулировок и объяснения структур, факторов и механизмов поддержания, изменения размеров, формы ядра клетки. На основе анализа данных отечественных и зарубежных источников можно с уверенностью утверждать о том, что количество ДНК в ядре не является единственным фактором, определяющим его размеры и форму, но на ядерную морфологию могут влиять структура и модификация хроматина. Можно считать доказанным, что ведущими структурами клетки, определяющими размер и форму клеточного ядра, являются цитоскелет, комплекс ядерных пор, ядерная мембрана, эндоплазматический ретикулум, а факторами - ядерно-цитоплазматический обмен и осмолярность. Дальнейшее изучение структур и факторов, влияющих на размер и форму ядра, установление взаимосвязи между его морфологией и процессами, происходящими на тканевом и клеточном уровнях, обещает предоставить новые подходы к диагностике, профилактике и лечению ряда заболеваний.

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Клеточное ядро, ядерно-цитоплазматическое отношение, кариолемма, белки ядерной мембраны, ламинины

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/143178744

IDR: 143178744   |   DOI: 10.20340/mv-mn.2022.30(3).670

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