Support measures in the framework of demographic policy implementation: Russian and foreign experience

The article analyzes incentive measures of demographic policy in the context of fertility, drawing on Russian and international experience. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of incentive measures within demographic policy aimed at increasing the birth rate, based on a study of Russian and international practices. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are addressed: identifying key socio-economic and cultural factors determining reproductive behavior; conducting a comparative analysis of successful regional practices in the Russian Federation (using the examples of the Sakhalin and Nizhny Novgorod regions) and international models; and assessing the effectiveness of various support measures (direct payments, tax benefits). The article substantiates the need to explore new methods for influencing demographic processes to achieve positive trends. It analyzes the experience of countries and regions with more successful fertility indicators. Particular attention is paid to factors influencing life expectancy, such as quality of life, healthcare, education, social support, and environmental conditions. The high birth rate in the North Caucasus is noted, and the factors influencing this indicator are examined. It is proposed to study and adapt the experience of Israel and Kazakhstan in supporting families with children to increase the birth rate in Russia. The author has analyzed the successful experience of introducing incentive payments for families upon the birth of a child in the Sakhalin and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The analysis demonstrates that effective measures include incentive payments, the involvement of both parents in child-rearing, guarantees for women after maternity leave, and tax benefits. For an effective demographic policy, it is necessary to focus on healthcare and education, provide comprehensive support to families, and explore new formats such as the institution of social nannies and parental payments.