The place of single-port technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of cholelithiasis

Aim. to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of SILS cholecystectomy, as well as to study the clinical aspects of this operation, substantiate its effectiveness and safety based on the results of the above studies, and compare the results of single port and four—port cholecystectomy. Methods. To achieve these goals, an analysis of 33 English- and Russian-language publications on the topic «Endovideosurgery» was conducted. The criteria for selecting the articles on the basis of which the literary review was compiled were: relevance; correct statistical analysis of data (for statistical calculation, the authors resorted to the Mann-Witney U test, the T-test (Student’s criterion); detailed description of interventions, equipment for surgery. The information presented in the article corresponds to the current state of development of endovideosurgery. Results. Based on the research results, such postoperative indicators as the severity of pain, the duration of rehabilitation of patients, satisfaction with the aesthetic effect after surgery, the frequency of ventral hernias and the duration of surgery were analyzed. To analyze the results, a comparative assessment was performed with respect to the parameters of classical four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For the most complete understanding of single-access surgery, the presented work also highlights the most common complications of SILS cholecystectomy, and several other surgical interventions performed by single-port access. Conclusion. It has been established that laparoscopic cholecystectomy from a single access is a promising low-traumatic method of treating gallbladder diseases. The main and probably temporary limitation for the widespread introduction of SILS cholecystectomy technology is the high cost of surgical instruments. However, advantages such as a comfortable and rapid rehabilitation period for the patient and a satisfactory cosmetic effect contributed to the evolution of surgical instruments for the widespread introduction of SILS technology.