Methods of measuring intra-abdominal hypertension in abdominal surgical pathology

The literature review presents a topical issue in surgery and intensive care – modern methods of measuring and monitoring intra-abdominal pressure, which are key prognostic and dynamic methods for diagnosing “abdominal catastrophe”, as well as resolving the issue of relaparotomy, laparostomy, especially in difficult-to-diagnose types of gunshot and postoperative peritonitis. Despite numerous studies conducted over the past decade, many issues in the treatment of patients with severe intra-abdominal hypertension still remain unresolved. Recommendations, protocols for examination and treatment of patients with this pathology are constantly changing and adjusted as new information becomes available. To systematize the existing literature data on the diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension, this literature review is presented, which analyzes the data of publications, meta-analyses, clinical guidelines for the past ten years related to this topical issue. The review covers the issues of determining and diagnosing intra-abdominal pressure, abdominal compartment syndrome, and considers and analyzes the algorithm and methods of treating intra-abdominal hypertension, the critical value of which indicates the absolute need for surgical abdominal decompression followed by temporary closure of the abdominal cavity. Intra-abdominal hypertension combined with dysfunction of at least one organ is considered an urgent indication for surgical correction in order to prevent the development of compartment syndrome and fatal complications. Methods for detecting intra-abdominal hypertension indicators are among the main “reliably working” means of objectification and diagnosis of problems with the abdominal organs, the interpretation of which directly affects the treatment tactics of patients. Thus, methods for measuring and monitoring intra-abdominal hypertension allow timely prevention of the number of complications and optimization of surgical strategy, which is especially important in military field surgery, when there is an acute shortage of laboratory and instrumental methods for examining patients.