Methodological approach to the study of structural, electrochemical and transport characteristics of electrobaromembrane purification of industrial solutions

A comprehensive methodological approach has been developed for studying the structural, electrochemical, and transport characteristics of industrial solution purification processes using electrobaromembrane technology. The approach is structured as a multi-level hierarchical framework encompassing all stages of the research: from an analytical review and selection of objects to mathematical modeling, engineering calculations, and cost-effectiveness assessment. The methodology ensures a systematic approach to research, increasing the reliability and reproducibility of results. Model and real industrial solutions from three environmentally significant industries were identified as key objects of experimental research: mineral fertilizer production (ammonium and potassium salt solutions), biofuel production (water-ether mixtures), and electroplating (multicomponent solutions containing ions of heavy metals, ammonium, sulfates, and phosphates). The research was conducted using a range of industrial porous polymer membranes (nano-, ultra-, and microfiltration) from domestic manufacturers. The paper presents and analyzes experimental graphical dependencies illustrating the effect of the process on membrane characteristics and separation efficiency. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study structural changes in a microfiltration membrane after exposure to components of biofuel production washwater. Current-voltage characteristics, as well as the dependences of membrane system resistance and conductivity on voltage and transmembrane pressure, were obtained for the electron-nanofiltration of model mineral fertilizer solutions. Transport characteristics were studied during the purification of a real galvanic solution: the dependences of the ion retention coefficient (Zn²⁺, PO₄³⁻) and the specific membrane flux on electric current density were determined. The obtained data serve as the basis for mathematical modeling, optimization of operating modes, and engineering calculations for electromembrane devices. The developed methodological approach and the obtained results contribute to the development of scientific foundations for resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies for industrial wastewater treatment, ensuring the return of valuable components to the production cycle.