Methodology of science as a process of scientific activity

The author of the article, using specific examples from the field of real, including modern, scientific discoveries in various scientific fields, various structural elements and stages of scientific activity are consistently considered. Analyzing the mistakes and delusions of past generations, he comes to the conclusion that the methodology of science in a modern, actively changing society is not some kind of frozen dogma, but a constant process of development, where periods of scientific «breakthroughs» can be replaced by stagnation or regression.