Методы и результаты исследования эффекта Портевена - Ле Шателье: эксперименты и макрофеноменологические модели

Методы и результаты исследования эффекта Портевена - Ле Шателье: эксперименты и макрофеноменологические модели

Автор: Трусов П.В., Чечулина Е.А.

Журнал: Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Механика @vestnik-pnrpu-mechanics

Статья в выпуске: 5, 2023 года.

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Открытый в первой половине XIX в. Ф. Саваром и А. Массоном (и заново «переоткрытый» в начале ХХ в. А. Портевеном и Ф. Ле Шателье) эффект прерывистой пластичности до настоящего времени остается предметом интенсивных экспериментальных и теоретических исследований. В значительной мере интерес к данной проблеме обусловлен практической значимостью: известно, что прерывистая пластичность (эффект Портевена - Ле Шателье (ЭПЛШ)), особенно - на заключительных стадиях обработки металлов и сплавов пластическим деформированием, - приводит к снижению вязкости, значительному возрастанию шероховатости поверхности изделий. Последнее, в свою очередь, снижает статическую и усталостную прочность, коррозионную стойкость, ухудшает аэродинамические характеристики, износостойкость. Кроме того, с развитием экспериментальной техники и теоретических методов вскрываются все новые механизмы, обусловливающие прерывистую пластичность, изучение и описание которых представляет собой огромную по широте и глубине область для фундаментальных исследований механиков, физиков, металловедов. Предлагаемая статья содержит две основные части. В первой из них приведен обзор результатов многочисленных экспериментальных исследований поведения сплавов в интервалах температур и скоростей деформаций, характерных для проявления ЭПЛШ. Рассмотрены особенности и основные механизмы реализации эффекта для различных сплавов. Вторая часть статьи содержит описание феноменологических конститутивных моделей, базирующихся, главным образом, на экспериментальных исследованиях поведения макрообразцов (как правило, на одноосное нагружение). В ряде из указанных моделей для формулировки использовались соображения физического характера. В заключении приведена краткая справка об обзорных работах. Анализ конститутивных моделей, основанных на рассмотрении физических механизмов и их носителей (дислокаций, примесных атомов), содержится в готовящемся авторами отдельном обзоре.

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Обзор, деформационное старение, примесные атомы, прерывистая пластичность, отрицательная чувствительность к скорости деформации, эффект портевена - ле шателье, критическая деформация, экспериментальные результаты, макрофеноменологические конститутивные модели

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Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/146282777

IDR: 146282777   |   DOI: 10.15593/perm.mech/2023.5.09

Список литературы Методы и результаты исследования эффекта Портевена - Ле Шателье: эксперименты и макрофеноменологические модели

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