Научные статьи \ Математика. Естественные науки \ Физика \ Строение материи \ Механика деформируемых тел. Упругость. Деформация

Методы и результаты исследования эффекта Портевена - Ле Шателье: эксперименты и макрофеноменологические модели

Методы и результаты исследования эффекта Портевена - Ле Шателье: эксперименты и макрофеноменологические модели

Автор: Трусов П.В., Чечулина Е.А.

Журнал: Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Механика @vestnik-pnrpu-mechanics

Статья в выпуске: 5, 2023 года.

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Открытый в первой половине XIX в. Ф. Саваром и А. Массоном (и заново «переоткрытый» в начале ХХ в. А. Портевеном и Ф. Ле Шателье) эффект прерывистой пластичности до настоящего времени остается предметом интенсивных экспериментальных и теоретических исследований. В значительной мере интерес к данной проблеме обусловлен практической значимостью: известно, что прерывистая пластичность (эффект Портевена - Ле Шателье (ЭПЛШ)), особенно - на заключительных стадиях обработки металлов и сплавов пластическим деформированием, - приводит к снижению вязкости, значительному возрастанию шероховатости поверхности изделий. Последнее, в свою очередь, снижает статическую и усталостную прочность, коррозионную стойкость, ухудшает аэродинамические характеристики, износостойкость. Кроме того, с развитием экспериментальной техники и теоретических методов вскрываются все новые механизмы, обусловливающие прерывистую пластичность, изучение и описание которых представляет собой огромную по широте и глубине область для фундаментальных исследований механиков, физиков, металловедов. Предлагаемая статья содержит две основные части. В первой из них приведен обзор результатов многочисленных экспериментальных исследований поведения сплавов в интервалах температур и скоростей деформаций, характерных для проявления ЭПЛШ. Рассмотрены особенности и основные механизмы реализации эффекта для различных сплавов. Вторая часть статьи содержит описание феноменологических конститутивных моделей, базирующихся, главным образом, на экспериментальных исследованиях поведения макрообразцов (как правило, на одноосное нагружение). В ряде из указанных моделей для формулировки использовались соображения физического характера. В заключении приведена краткая справка об обзорных работах. Анализ конститутивных моделей, основанных на рассмотрении физических механизмов и их носителей (дислокаций, примесных атомов), содержится в готовящемся авторами отдельном обзоре.

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Обзор, деформационное старение, примесные атомы, прерывистая пластичность, отрицательная чувствительность к скорости деформации, эффект портевена - ле шателье, критическая деформация, экспериментальные результаты, макрофеноменологические конститутивные модели

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Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/146282777

IDR: 146282777   |   УДК: 539.3   |   DOI: 10.15593/perm.mech/2023.5.09

Methods and results of studying the Portevin - Le Chatelier effect: experiments and macrophenomenological models

Discovered in the first half of the 19th century by F. Savard and A. Masson (and rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century by A. Portevin and F. Le Chatelier), the effect of discontinuous plasticity remains the subject of intensive experimental and theoretical research to this day. To a large extent, the interest in this problem is due to its significance. It is known that intermittent plasticity (the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect), especially at the final stages of processing metals and alloys by plastic deformation, leads to a decrease in viscosity, a significant increase in roughness of product surfaces. The latter reduces static and fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, weakens aerodynamic characteristics, and wear resistance. On the other hand, with the development of experimental technology and theoretical methods, more and more new mechanisms are revealed that cause discontinuous plasticity, the study and description of which is a huge area in breadth and depth for fundamental research by experts in mechanics, physics, and metallurgy. The paper contains two main parts. The first of them provides an overview of numerous experimental studies of alloys’ behavior in the temperature and strain rate ranges characteristic of the manifestation of PLC effect. The features and main mechanisms of the effect realization for various alloys are considered. The second part of the paper contains a description of phenomenological constitutive models based mainly on experimental studies of the behavior of macrosamples (as a rule, under uniaxial loading). In a number of these models, considerations of a physical nature were used for the formulation. In conclusion, a brief summary of the review papers is given. Constitutive models based on the consideration of physical mechanisms and their carriers (dislocations, impurity atoms) are contained in a separate review prepared by the authors.

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