Methods and results of breeding of bread winter wheat on productivity

Research carried out by conventional methods on a trial basis of the Samara Research Institute for Agriculture in the 2001-2014 biennium to clarify the methods of breeding of bread winter wheat productivity in terms of the Middle Volga. The average yield for 10 years Malachite varieties - 3,17 t / ha, Svetoch - 3.43 t / ha, Biryuza - 3.54 t / ha. Annual growth of productivity in comparison with the standard Bezenchukskaya 380 Malachite was 15 kg, the variety Svetoch - 41 kg, the variety Biryuza - 52 kg. Progress yield varieties Svetoch achieved by increasing the mass of 1000 grains of 5.1 g (average 41.2 g, 32.3 g minimum, maximum of 50 g), the variety Biryuza by increasing grains per ear 4.4 pcs. (average of 41.8 pc., minimum 37 pcs., maximum - 44 pcs.). New varieties of bread winter wheat Bazis, Erythrospermum 882 Eritrospermum-883 in 2014, with a yield of 5.61... 6.13 t / ha, exceeded the standard of 1.28... 1.80 t / ha. Mass of 1000 grains varieties Bazis - 47.7 g, variety Erythrospermum 883 - 45.6 g, 6.7 g and 4.6 more than the standard Bezenchukskaya 380. It was found that in the long-term above-average moisture levels and abiotic stress (damping-off) yields a 1% significance level was positively correlated with survival of plants at 5% significance level with the number of ears per 1 m2 before the harvest, 1000 grain weight, weight of one ear. In the context of a complex of abiotic stress strong intensity (winterkill, drought) grain yield by 1% significance level was positively correlated with the level of winter hardiness in% and volume weight.