International academic migration: history and trends

The article deals with the essence of international academic migration, its history and trends. The definition and classification of migration, the status of academic mobility in the structure of the migration system are presented. The history of international migration and the world trends of academic migrants in the 21st century are considered. The indicators of the number of academic migrants, as well as the reasons for their growth and decline are considered. The dominant countries of Europe and North America are described in terms of academic migration. For the first time it is proved that international academic mobility is mainly viewed as a result of economic and social development, since it largely contributes to its development and improvement or leads to intellectual losses and stagnation in the scientific and technical field. The characteristic of international migration as a public phenomenon that emerged in the world remains perspective, is itself divided into national states where stay in the country of birth is considered the norm, and crossing the border of another country is a deviation. It is necessary to continue the analysis of the questions connected with the opinion that this attitude to international migration, as to the public problem, is due to the fact that it causes unpredictable changes of great importance in this connection is the system of measures taken by the state, as well as the control and division of international migrants into several separate categories.