Mycological assessment of winter wheat from areas of the Republic of Tatarstan

Mycological analysis showed that fungi of the genus Fusarium - 33 %, Penicillium - 17 %, Aspergillus - 10 %, Alternaria - 13 %, Trichoderma - 11 %, Mucor - 12 %, yeast fungi - 6 % were most distinguished. The importance in the symbiotic habitat of filamentous fungi depends on the presence of pH, salts, and mineral fertilizers in the soil. In the Vekhneuslonskiy district, loamy soil predominates, the sprouts of winter wheat growing along the roads were distinguished by a weak root system and single seedlings (soil pH - 7,15±0,7). In the Kaibitskiy Buinskiy districts (in the chernozem soil) - wheat germs were strong, the fibrous root system was strengthened, the pH of the soil in the Kaibitskiy region was 6,35±0,4, in Buinskiy - 6,63±0,8. In mycological analysis, the highest indicator of the total number of fungi (TPG) was recorded in the Verkhneuslonsky region -19,6х103±0,12 to 25,1х103±0,11, mainly fungi of the genus Fusarium were isolated. In the Kaibitsky district, the HPG was: (12,8х103±0,14 to 20,1х103±0,08) fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium were isolated. In the Buinsky district, the TPG was: (11,4х103±0,14 to 22,2х103±0,10), the fungi Rhizopus spp, Trichoderma spp. Fusarium. There was a correlation between the indicators of TPG and pH: the more acidic the environment, the less TPG. The growth and development of moldy fungi is not affected by the content of nitrates in the soil, so the content of nitrates in soil samples from the Verkhneuslonsky district was 2,8±0,006, Kaibitsky - 3,2±0,011 to 5,60±0,018, Buinsky 3,10±0,010 to 3,2±0,012.