Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys in the process of ontogenesis with industrial maintenance

in the qualitative and quantitative composition of dominant taxa (Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae) in different parts of the intestine (the small intestine, cecal appendices) at different stages of growth. The relationship between dysbiosis and the occurrence of common diseases (necrotizing enteritis, colibacillosis) is analyzed. The mechanisms by which a balanced microflora contributes to improved feed digestibility, immune response modulation, and pathogen suppression are discussed. The advantages and limitations of traditional microbiological and modern molecular genetic methods (PCR, next-generation sequencing - NGS) for studying the microbiome are considered. Promising research areas in the field of microbiome management for improving the economic efficiency of turkey farming are presented. The review is based on current research on modern strategies for modulating the microflora to optimize productive performance and promote gut health in turkeys in industrial poultry farming, as published in the scientific literature.