MiRNA profiling as a diagnostic feature of congestive heart failure. A scoping review

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome that winds up any starting point of a cardiovascular continuum. It is therefore a precious point on the agenda for the world leading scientists and investigators, who aim to understand the full spectrum of its underlying molecular and pathophysiological defects. In spite of a wide range of modern diagnostics techniques, it is still a clinical burden to correctly diagnose CHF among other clinically similar nosology’s. As a consequence, extreme attention is now brought to the epigenetics of a sustaining heart homeostasis. Small non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to play an important role in cardiac metabolism management. MiRNA do not only regulate transcription and post-translational gene expression patterns but also account for the matrixRNAs (mRNAs) translation. Various types of miRNAs are involved in certain pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac structural remodeling, cellular apoptosis, angiogenesis and persistent inflammation – all accounting for the CHF progression. Potential use of miRNAs as a CHF diagnostic biomarker is now actively proposed by a large number of studies. Reasons behind include their prevalence in all types of investigative fluids, sample stability and most importantly, an ability to be precisely spotted with the aid of modern techniques. Current article is primarily dedicated to the underlying biology of miRNAs action and their role in CHF development.