Mining industry in the Komi republic: social and economic aspects of the development

The basis of the forming mining complex in the Komi Republic in Timano--‐Northern Ural re--‐ gion includes numerous fields of metallic and non--‐metallic minerals: fields and occurrences of fer--‐ rous ores (manganese, chromium, titanium ore), non--‐ferrous mettals (bauxites, copper, pollymet--‐ talic ores), rare (tungsten, molybdenum, bismuth, niobium, tantalum , rare soils), precious metals (gold, silver), quartz, diamonds, mining and chemical (barytes, salts, natural sulfur and ash), agro--‐ mineral (phosphates, zeolites) and varied mineral--‐building materials.

Mining industry of the Republic Komi is still in its infancy, so today we can only talk about the possible social, economic problems and the environmental effects of the projected mining and processing industries and their prevention [1, 2002].

Currently the mining industry of the Republic of Komi is presented only by bauxite and non--‐ metallic building materials (building stone, gravel, sand). Current volumes of ore mining and non--‐ metallic minerals insignificant. The share of mining industries in total value of the industrial prod--‐ ucts shipped to the customers account for 0.5--‐1% in the structure of employment --‐ less than 3% in the structure of assets --‐ 0.3%. Present situation of the mining sector defines the minor capital of the investments (less than 0.1 % of the total regional capital) and geological surveys.

However, the republic has a significant resource potential for the formation of the modern powerful mining complex. The control of mining industry of Komi Republic to January 1, 2013 is--‐ sued 8 licenses of solid minerals (titanium, vein quartz, silica sand, limestone for cement raw ma--‐ terial, manganese, bauxite, gold), 4 licenses for exploration and production (gold, titanium) and 9 prospecting licenses (gold, quartzite for the glass industry, vein quartz, copper). The List of attrac--‐ tive investment objects involves creating mining--‐chemical complexes based on the deposits of ti--‐ tanium, bauxite, oil shale, quartz deposits development, building materials and other areas [2].

Characteristics of the main mining objects

Bauxites. Bauxite mining on Vezhayu--‐Vorykvinskom field was started in 1998. From Chi--‐ gna--‐Vorik Station to the field was built a railway station --‐ 158 km. On the first stage of project ma--‐ terials was bauxite mine development aims to achieve production volumes of 2.0--‐2.5 million tonnes of bauxite per year. Currently these figures actually achieved. Hydrochemical bauxites grade bauxite appeared for processing to alumina in Ural and Theological smelters in Sverdlovsk region, spekatelnye bauxite – was for Boxitogorsk Alumina Refinery, abrasive grade bauxite used at the Chelyabinsk abrasive plant. In the field has also started mining of poor--‐iron (white) bauxites in the amount of about 100 thousand tons per year. After the construction of the roasting plant calcined bauxite will be sent to factories for the production of refractories. Mine development strategy is focused on the growing demand of Timan bauxites. With the commissioning of the alumina plant (industrial site in the village Kerky, Sosnogorsky district) extraction of bauxite ore is expected to reach to 6.0--‐6.5 million tons per year. At this level of production mine existing stocks is 35--‐40 years. As the part of an alumina plant is projected creation of the first production --‐ 700 thousand tons, and the second stage --‐ 1400 tonnes of alumina per year.

Quartz. Extraction of quartz from various fields of Subpolar Ural quartz--‐vozhilno--‐ crystal province is conducted from the 1930s. Up to the 1980s., mainly produces piezo--‐optic quartz and rock crystal. With the development of the domestic industry of crystal growth technology of pie--‐ zoquartz, later the production was re--‐focused mainly on transparent vein quartz used as Shih quartz, which was used for the synthesis of mono crystals . In the republic is developed the field "Jelannoe" – is the largest in Russia in terms of the resources of the clear vein quartz and rock crystals, suitable for fusion of quartz glass, the synthetic of mono quartz and the production of polycrystalline silicon. Since 1996, the development of the central part of the field of "Jelannoe" was made by CJSC "Kozhimskoe RDP". Modern capacity is about 4--‐5 tons per year and in the com--‐ ing years, they will be brought up to 10 thousand tons per year. Industrial reserves allow repeat--‐ edly to increase production of quartz . Key consumers of vein quartz concentrates – are the "Plant of Crystals" (Uzhnouralsk), VNIISIMS (Alexandrov) and other plants. Today their actual consump--‐ tion does not exceed of 1--‐1.5 tons per year. Polar Urals LLC "Yelets RDP" conducts the exploration and appraisal work on high--‐purity quartz on Lek--‐Eletsky field of Manitanyrdskogo quartz node.

Manganese. The need of metallurgy and other industries in the manganese ores and its concentrates are rather high and It is about 1.5 million tonnes per year in terms of commodity ore with a manganese content of 48--‐50%. In the republic is identified and prepared for the develop--‐ ment of Parnokskoe iron--‐manganese field. Its development started in 1992, today it is suspended. Basically was mined the extraction of oxidized manganese ores, within the site Magnetic--‐1. Since 2003, the subsoil user in the field is JSC "Chelyabinsk Electric--‐metallurgic Factory," in which the production plans – is the out of mine at the production level of 80 thousand tons of ore per year and the gradual commissioning sites Magnetic--‐2, Ust--‐Pachvozhsky.

Titan. Yaregskoye oil--‐titan field is unique and the largest of the reserves of titanium ore in Rissia. The preparations for the industrial development of titanium deposits on the field are two of the subsoil user --‐ OOO "LUKOIL --‐ Komi" ( produces oil) and JSC "Jarega Ore". In addition, it was al--‐ located land for the refinement of titanium ores in order to obtain from them titanium coagulants

( JSC "SITTEK"). JSC "Jarega Ore" plans to build Yaregskiy mining and chemical complex with a ca--‐ pacity of mining and processing of oil--‐titan ore--‐650 thousand tons per year with the possibility of increasing technical performance twice. Mining and Chemical Complex combines objects, which are providing mining and processing of titanium ore to titanium dioxide, titanium nanodioksid, aerosil and other high valuable products. Previously proposed project of "Yaregskiy oil--‐titanium company" (became part of "LUKOIL--‐Komi") based on Yaregskiy field was planned for a major chemical and metallurgical complex, where was accented pyrometallurgical division, which was associated with obtaining titanium slag and titanium--‐silicon ligatures. The project envisaged a phased increase in the production capacity of the complex --‐ first titanium ore mining business on the basis of the existing underground workings (up to 60 tons per year), then --‐ ore production ca--‐ pacity to 250--‐300 and 600 thousand tons per year (the first stage) and output to power 1.2 million tonnes per year ( second stage). Along with the development of the first stage of a mine site planned the construction of mining and chemical plant production capacity of leucoxene concen--‐ trate (containing TiO2 50--‐65%) of 220 thousand tons per year, with the concurrent production of oil in the amount of 70 thousand tons per year. Today, in varying degrees and worked other ways to develop the titanium deposits of Yaregskoye field. Expansion of the mineral resource base of titanium ores mainly associated with Additional exploration of Pizhemskiy titanium deposit. Since 2007, the geological research to assess the facilities and prepare them for the production at the site of Pizhemskiy LLC "Geo tehno servise", and from 2011 at Verhnepizhemskiy site --‐ JSC "Rustitan."

Barite. Khoilinskiy field is situated in unallocated subsoil fund, but, as before, remains the only one on the North of Russia prepared for the industrial exploitation of promising source of high--‐quality barytes. From 1997 to 2009--‐ the development of the field was led by JSC " Khoilinsky mine". The development project for the testing of three quarries envisaged capacity of 120 tons of ore per year. In the field were made opened works at the quarry primarily and in Vorkuta was commissioned a production line for the production of micronized barite.

Chromites. Within Khoilinsky--‐Lagortinskiy ore unit highlighted the promising Khoilinsky, Kechpelskiy and Harotskit ore fields with the significant resources of high chromium ores. One of the major manifestations--‐ is Yunyaginskoe, of resource potential (28 million tonnes of ore with content Cr2O3 15--‐20%) corresponds to the average field. Khoilinskiy manifestation is character--‐ ized by fewer resources and higher quality ores --‐ Cr2O3 content is 25--‐29%. Geographical and eco--‐ nomic conditions of the development of the favorable manifestations.

Copper ore . Favorable market conditions determines the need to resume the additional exploration known on the western slope of the Subpolar and Polar Urals manifestations of copper sandstones, and in particular Sauripeyskiy field and Molyudvozhskiy field. The copper content of the ore is 0.5--‐1.5%, silver --‐ 20--‐70 g/m Technological research and technological--‐economic assess--‐ ment show the effectiveness of the geo--‐technical methods (land leaching, heap leaching) mining and hydrometallurgical processings of copper ores.

Gold. Different organizations in the republic mined placer gold from 1980 to 2000. Miner--‐ al--‐source base of Kozhimskiy ore--‐placer area is substantial and allows cost--‐effectively develop re--‐ serves. However, due to the fact that all the reserves of placer gold were within the boundaries of the national park "Yugyd Va" placer gold mining was stopped. To arrange gold mining is preparing now for the commercial development of primary deposits. On the base of the field Chudnoe and adjacent areas may promising functioning mine and its productivity up to 3 tons of gold annually. Development of the field was made by CJSC "Gold Minerals". Deposits and occurrences of placer and vein gold were found in the Polar Urals. Middle Timan evaluated small paleo placer Ichetu with gold, diamonds and rare metals. OOO "Uhtageoservis" conducts exploration and appraisal work and plans to produce placer gold on Kyvvozh Dimtemelskoy --‐ square (Vymsky ridge, Middle Timan).

Glass sands . In the central regions of the republic (Uhtinskiy, Sosnogorsky--‐industrial cen--‐ ter, Ust--‐Vymskiy, Udorsky areas) are revealed the significant resources of glass sand. On their ba--‐ sis, is possible the creation of large enterprises of the production of window, bottle glass, foam glass, producing high quality quartz concentrates for the production of automotive glass and glassware responsible.

Building materials. Construction Industry of the Republic presented by the extraction of building sand, sand and gravel mixture, brick clays, limestone and dolomite, cement production, construction lime, brick, wall panels, macadam. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the production of all kinds of building materials sharply decreased their product range. The share of the construc--‐ tion industry in the 1970s --‐ early 1990s, in the structure of industrial production was comparable to that of wood, gas and petrochemical industry. Due to a general decline of the industrial produc--‐ tion, reductions in housing and industrial construction since the 1990s was more significant in comparison with other sectors and more rapid reduction in the production of building materials. So, if the industry as a whole the rate of decline of production averaged from 2 to 8 % per year, for the building materials industry --‐ from 10 to 25% annually. As a result, for example, in 2004 the volume of industrial production in the whole country was 71 % of the 1990 level, and building ma--‐ terials --‐ only 18 %, which was one of the lowest among all industries. Another telling moment is that if all other industries in recent years have been positive developments in the direction of in--‐ creasing production, the increase in the production of building materials is observed only after 2010. Nevertheless, the construction industry of the republic have every opportunity to develop and expand due to the extensive mineral base, implementation of transport and industrial pro--‐ jects, recovery of the housing market. The programs of the development of the fields of mineral building materials were made, providing production of cement raw materials (Belgopskiy field), stones (field Vapol, Est--‐to, Syvyu, lands--‐ Ropchinsky, Vorykvinsky, Bobrovaya, etc.), building stone (Kozhimskoe--‐1, land Kosyusky, Anyugsky Golez and others), gypsum (Vezhavozhskoe, Funny Kut, etc.).

Social and Economical problems of the mining production

A brief overview of the most perspective mining projects convincingly demonstrates the high commercial value of raw potential of the republic. However, investors don’t hurry up to in--‐ vest in the mining business. Problems of the region are mining base as an objective character, which is common to the global mining industry, and the specific features associated with the sub--‐ soil of the domestic politics and regional conditions. Partially their characteristics and possible so--‐ lutions to global and regional levels are given in the several papers [1, 2--‐6].

Social aspects

Corporate social responsibility . Mining companies are now operating in the conditions of the high social and ecological responsibility. Such liability is not limited to the commitments made in obtaining a license for subsoil use. Social interests of the mining companies are not limited in the creation of physical (transport, power grid, pipelines, etc.) infrastructure in the field area. Companies must be prepared and must lay in their investment programs additional funds to per--‐ form queries arising of the local communities to ensure their socio--‐economic needs and opera--‐ tional solutions to possible environmental problems [ 3, 2012 , 4 , 2002].

The challenge is in the practical application and the wide dissemination of these standards --‐ from the big mining companies to the smallest businesses.

With the development of mineral deposits, local administration and population, on the one hand, the possibility of solving the associated fiscal, infrastructure issues, employment, on the other --‐ just expressed concerns because of the high environmental and social risks. Lack of con--‐ certed action, understanding the concerns and views of local people, indigenous people and local governments can cause serious problems with the organization and conduct of exploration and mining operations. Therefore, the formation of "positive" public image of the company, to raise awareness of the interests and needs of the local population is one of the key tasks of manage--‐ ment in the mining business. Common practice in our country is to sign special agreements with regional administrations --‐ Social Partnership Agreement, which defines the specific form of the company's participation in the socio--‐economic development of the region. Such agreements are an integral part of the license agreements. Such agreements can be described as "social licenses". They are also widely distributed and are of great importance and in foreign countries --‐ the weight of the parameter in the ranking of the investment climate for the implementation of mining pro--‐ jects is 5--‐15 % (in exceptional cases 30% or higher), and very often does not yield such an im--‐ portant parameter as "infrastructure" [ 5, 2012 ]. But it is important to note that such agreements can be valid only when they are the result of extensive consultation and dialogue on all issues with the public and local authorities, and not the result of thre exclusionary transaction.

Today, mining industry is one of the most highly organized, high--‐tech sectors of theindus--‐ trial production. Normally working in remote, economically undeveloped areas where there are no other alternatives to the economic development, mining companies are stimulus economic recov--‐ ery site. At all stages of the life cycle of the field, beginning with its intelligence, industrial devel--‐ opment and completing reclamation of disturbed lands and even restoration of landscapes, using environmentally responsible methods of subsoil. Proper planning and ecological management to--‐ day allow to significantly reduce the impact on the environment and help preserve or restore bio--‐ diversity. In the modern mining projects at all stages of the work program implemented "zero waste". However, in a low awareness conditions of the public "bad" ecological image of the mining companies continues to persist. Therefore, mining companies should be as open to dialogue with the local population.

Social aspects of the mining activities have negative shades. This dominance in the labor market or the appearance labour surplus population as a result of stagnation, reduce develop--‐ ment and production, and similar factors. To increase the accountability of enterprises can pre--‐ vent the introduction of tools to assess the social impact of mining projects on a par with the as--‐ sessment of the environmental impact at the design stage. On the other hand, the social burden on enterprises has its limits and economic coercive measures with the necessary legislative ar--‐ rangements for the promotion of socially responsible companies.

The problem of staffing. Lack of skilled personnel (mostly skilled workers and technical staff ) is in fact a global industry problem. Naive to believe that in the country and in the world there are areas with the perspectives in the development mining industry, where, there isnt such problem. The gist is to predict the occurrence of staffing needs and be prepared, having economi--‐ cally unoccupied qualified staff in the modern conditions is almost impossible. According to a statement mining projects [2], the overall need for labor emerging mining complex on the period to 2020 will be not less than 10 thousand people (See table).

Table 1

The estimated number employees at the projected mining enterprises

Mining projects	The region of produc--‐ tion	The number of the staff, people.
Construction of bauxite and alumina complex	Sosnogorskiy	1859
Yaregskiy Mining and Chemical Complex (capacity of 650 thou--‐ sand tons per year)	Uhtinskiy	2500
Organization on the basement of Yaregskiy field and the produc--‐ tion of titanium coagulant	Uhtinskiy	320
The development of Pizhemskiy field of titanium and the creation on its basis of chemical and metallurgical complex	Ust--‐Zilemskiy, Uhtinskiy	2331
Reconstruction of mine for the testing of the central part of the field of "Jelannoe"	Intinskiy	50
Production of crushed stone on the Tablikayuskiy field of the building stone	Usinskiy	30
Exploration of Chim--‐Loptugskogo fiels of shales	Udorskiy	1004
Extraction of gold on Chudniy field	Intinskiy	500

Given the specificity of labor in mining and processing industries, and increased demands on the skills of workers posed mining enterprises face serious personnel problem. Professional markets are among the most sensitive of labor markets. Today, even in the development of quar--‐ ries sand, building stone shortage of surveyors, mining engineers, and skilled excavator. Solving the problem is seen in the exact distribution and management of the various streams of the ex--‐ perts --‐ senior managers, workers and specialists working in shifts, staff of the local residents who have undergone special training accelerated. Other party staffing issue is implicit and explicit op--‐ position of the local population influx of foreign labor. Employment growth and an influx of per--‐ sonnel involved will entail the burden on local infrastructure, services, change their traditional way of life. This imposes additional obligations on mining companies , as these issues need to be ad--‐ dressed and controlled by them.

The distribution of incomes. Equitable distribution of income, emerging from the activities of mining companies, is also one of the key social problems. An important factor in this issue is the distribution of taxes and fees paid by mining companies, in favor of the territories in which they operate. Centralization of tax revenues at the federal and regional level has led to an increase in the imbalance of municipal budgets and reduce the incentives for the development of their reve--‐ nue base. Local budgets comes only a land tax and a tax on personal income in the amount of 10%. Sources of budget revenues of cities and regions excluded even tax on extraction of common min--‐ erals. Budget Code allowed the redistribution of regional taxes in favor of the municipalities, but against the backdrop of rising costs and additional financial obligations region prefers to leave most of the tax revenues in the state budget. In this situation, local authorities, as representatives of the interests of local residents, formally may not be interested in promoting mining projects in the development of mineral resources of their territories, to create conditions for attracting in--‐ vestment.

Economical aspects

Economical effect of the production. Mining business is characterized by high capital inten--‐ sity, long payback periods, specific and limited markets for certain products. Using complex mining equipment and improved manufacturability, generally explains the necessity of attracting highly skilled workforce and the constant growth of unit costs associated with salaries, material costs and depreciation of equipment. A significant portion of spending is different taxes and payments to the budgets of different levels. According to our estimates. the total amount of the gross proceeds of the mining enterprise average at least 40% "take" taxes and other payments . With taxes and seized a significant portion of company profits. For a variety of costs associated with the organiza--‐ tion and execution of various permits (translation, design lands, ecological works, archaeological studies, etc.), to give precise estimates are not possible, because of their highly variable nature and contractual prices services involved organizations. This leads to an underestimation of the to--‐ tal cost of production organization that small companies may simply be unaffordable .

The use of new technologies. Expansion of the mineral resource base of mining production in the Republic of Komi is largely dependent on the development and implementation of new technologies to efficiently absorb deposits and hard objects with refractory, "spirited" ores. Cur--‐ rently not implemented on an industrial scale in the region, many perspective Geo technologies --‐ underground hydraulic mining, underground and heap leaching methods bio technological pro--‐ cessing of mineral raw materials, many modern methods of ore preparation, pre--‐concentration ores, concentration and separation of minerals. Although the experience of geo--‐technical methods of developing fields in the republic gained enough --‐ more than one hundred years underground dissolution was used for the extraction of salt on Seregovskiy field for several decades of termo mine was mastered in Yaregskiy field, deposit methods of hydraulic borehole and underground leaching tested for gold deposits of manganese. With new technological solutions related pro--‐ spects of development of titanium (leucoxene, ilmenite, leucoxene) ores, high silikons and phos--‐ phate --‐ silica bauxite, copper ore, oil shale, carbonate and silicate manganese ores and other min--‐ erals in the region.

The Marketing of mineral source. The structure of the mineral--‐resource base and the di--‐ rection of its use require constant monitoring, audit or analysis based on market conditions, new technological demands, economic conditions of farming. One of the main factors, influencing the global demand for mineral resources in the long run, technological change is related to the scien--‐ tific and technical progress. In many cases, as they can cause a sharp increase in the consumption of many metals, non--‐metallic minerals, as well as a significant reduction in their use. Give just one example. Today it is necessary to identify potential niche markets and barite concentrates. Obvi--‐ ously, due to the increasing use of saline solutions, water and acid--‐soluble and microdispersed iron and manganese weighting agents (without barytes in its composition) in oil and gas mainly focus on "drilling" use of barite products is not justified. At the same time to engage in other mar--‐ ket niches, characterized by a variety of target use, but small enough levels of consumption in their sectors (a few tens of thousands of tons), carry out additional marketing and technological research . Assessment subject areas, characterized by the highest levels of consumption of not drilling barite --‐ nuclear power, metallurgy, production of special cements, various fillers for paper, paints, plastics. Enterprise development strategy, develop Khoilinsky barite deposits may be aimed at finding or main, strategic raw material barite user or several users in different areas.

To determine the potential of consumption of barite in the oil and gas complex enough to know the volume of oil and gas exploration drilling and average unit costs of barite. Necessary to classify perspective sites and structures of the Timan--‐Pechora province by type collectors, the conditions of use of barite weighting. Obviously, in the current annual consumption of barite drill--‐ ing in this area can only be assessed in the first tens of thousands of tons. To justify deliveries abroad or for the international projects requires certification of raw materials according to API and other indicators.

The second major area of consumption is the paint industry, which uses high--‐quality natu--‐ ral, but most synthetic barite. Barite concentrates class "A", used as a filler and for the production of barium salts, produces Salairskii mine (Kemerovo region). Almost all the produced concentrate is to PJSC "Salair Chemical plant" in relatively small quantities --‐ other consumers. Obviously, in the Komi Republic and the North--‐West of Russia has the potential use of barite raw materials for the chemical and paint industries. But for its production in the world are most commonly used con--‐ centrates of barite vein, better compared to the stratiform barite. Barite deposits Khoilinsky enough quality, but requires a special enrichment for chemically pure concentrates.

To promote products at the most crucial scope requires detailed work on certification of raw materials. For example, one of the largest producers of the synthetic barite --‐ company

Sachtleben (Germany) certified its products not only by a number of the international standards, but also as "Halyalnaya" and "Koshernaya " products. To compete with the manufacturer is neces--‐ sary to create a special chemical production based on Khoilinsky deposit and technological tests of use in this area is best spent on one of the foreign companies. Barite is used in the production of the special cements, resistant to aggressive environments, "heavy" concretes, which are used in the foundations of heavy structures for laying pipelines in the marshy ground and under water. It is applied to obtain a strong and flexible layer topcoats in road construction. This market is very comprehensive and flexible enough. Certain technological research in this direction for Khoilinsky barytes are held, but obviously not enough. There are no data about the former enterprise--‐subsoil user (JSC "Khoilinsky GOK") about the harmonization of deliveries to major cement plants not. There are no regulations, standards and specifications for the device pavements using in Khoil--‐ insky barite field.

The Market of the nuclear power is enough capacious, but there is no data on the potential use and the consumption potential Khoilinsky barite in the projects for the construction of new and reconstruction of the existing nuclear power plants included in the appropriate program. Civil protection of X--‐ray market is quite narrow, this area can only be regarded as the same direction and requires an aggressive marketing policy.

Another example. Despite the presence of the impressive resources and reserves chemical--‐ ly pure limestones and functioning in the region's largest pulp and paper mill, consuming signifi--‐ cant amounts of calcium carbonate, the raw material for its production are still imported from other regions.

On the territory of Komi Republic revealed its own deposits or potential sources of the strategic raw materials. Today it is necessary to revise the resource materials for the special steels and alloys, fiber optics, photovoltaic current catalysts, fabrication of fuel cells and hybrid power plants.

Investments into the new projects. There are no funds for the exploration in order to de--‐ velop the mineral resource base of its own money under the existing of the tax profits from mining companies actually at an average rate. Therefore, such work is carried out in a vertically--‐ integrated companies at the expense of the parent company and borrowed sources. To stimulate the geological exploration on the new areas (up to operational exploration stages), it is advisable to cancel the collection of value added tax, to exclude from taxation of the profits reinvested in exploration, create a system of the reduction factors to the existing tax rates and payments for the financing the early stages of the work (search and evaluation) enterprises from their own funds.

The conduction of the small and medium mining business. The development of small and medium--‐sized mineral fields that form the basis of the mineral resource base is practically inacces--‐ sible to the masses of the country's potential investors. The outlays of funds for the access to the mineral resources, exploration, permits significantly is higher than in other countries. The are not enough Own funds to conduct the exploration of the investors and to attract bank loans is limited by the necessity of deposit and lending rates are extremely high, and the venture capital sector in the securities market in our country has not yet formed. Not yet created a framework for the pos--‐ sible cooperation in the mining enterprises, industrial clusters to allocate costs to the develop--‐ ment of the transport, social, engineering and network infrastructure solutions staffing problems.

Conclusion

Mining complex is formed only in the region and has the potential to become an engine of the economic development of the Republic of Komi in general and its territories in particular. In favor of it and rich raw material base and available scientific and production potential, the interest of power structures in creation mining industry. However, the lack of the geological and techno--‐ logical research of the mineral resources, the lowest preparedness projects for thte investment and for the introduction of the modern technological solutions prevent getting a significant eco--‐ nomic effect on the development of the mineral potential of the country.

Therefore, one of the major problems is the implementation of the special geo--‐technical policy, as the part of the scientific, technical and technological policy, interconnected with the strategy of the socio--‐economic development of the region. Availability of the necessary raw mate--‐ rials, laboratory facilities for the advanced experimental research professionals of the highest cali--‐ ber and a number of other factors makes promising winning creation in the country a number of new high--‐tech industries.

Due to the growing environmental constraints and social inequality, increasingly important for the access to the mineral resources acquired approval procedures with local authorities and the public. Mining companies is not enough to declare their intent to establish a new production facility requires careful preparatory work to present all the positive aspects of the development of the raw potential of the area and assessing social and environmental impacts.

To promote the interest of the local population and regional authorities in the implementa--‐ tion of mining projects, the establishment of the partnerships between the participants and stake--‐ holders need to decentralize natural resource management through the transfer of complex con--‐ trol functions from the central government to the regions and a more equitable distribution of payments for subsoil use. In management decisions of the natural resources should take account of the existing socio--‐economic tensions and experience to develop the northern territories.