Molecular ecology as a basis of modern methodological base of an estimation of environment condition

The opportunity and necessity of expansion the rehion of applixation the molecular-genetic methods for the decision of ecological problems are proved. The molecular ecology is presented as a basis of methodological base allowing effectively determine a compound, to estimate a condition and to monitor reaction of researched multicomponent biotic systems on changes of various parameters of environmental conditions in vitro. As the main display groups for ground and aquatic ecosystems the communities of microorganisms (on an example of vernal encephalitis virus, water microbal communities, асassociated microflorae of fishes and symbiotic microflora of sponges) are offered.