Molecular genetic prognostic markers of urine bladder cancer (review)

Urine bladder cancer (UBC) remains a pressing issue in oncourology. Notwithstanding the comprehensive research on the UBC risk factors and their description in books, additional genetic breaks predisposing to the disease are annually found out. There are numerous cellular processes included into UBC pathogenesis. The less-aggressive, non-invasive slow progressing of UBC cancer types are defined by Ras-MAPK system activation. Tumors that are more aggressive and have low cancer-specific survival rate are characterized by changes in retinoblastoma genes and p53. Attempts are made to develop prognostic tests to predict tumor behavior, those possibly being able to influence treatment tactics choice. In prospect, UBC cancer patients will be treated using molecular genetic markers allowing the accurate prediction of the patient's tumor behavior and fitting the treatment tactics on the individual basis.