Monitoring the metabolic status of cows organism -the key to timely correction of exchange processes

The article shows the need for monitoring indicators of metabolic status of cows for the right application of measures for its correction, to save the health of the animal and increase their productivity. The knowledge of the mechanisms of interrelation of the chemical composition of milk with the intensity of metabolic processes makes it possible to regulate them by optimizing feeding. The studies were carried out in stock company Berezki of the Orel region in the winter stall-feeding period from December 2017 to March 2018. As a result of the blood tests performed on cows, the following deviations from the norm were detected: the glucose level was below the lower limit of normal in 10 cows out of 15, which accounted for 66/6%; 5 cows had values near the lower limit of the norm (33.3%); 7 cows (46.6%) had an increased protein content, and the cow No. 309 had the lowest sugar content, but the highest protein content. In the blood of a number of animals a decrease in the urea content was detected by 18%-30%/. In our studies, it was found that aspartate aminotransferase activity was on average within the normal range, except for the cows No. 437 and No. 388; alanine aminotransferase activity decreased in cows (No. 454, 437, 277, 214) by 50%, 49%, 37%, and 38%, respectively. The values of calcium content in the examined cows were below the lower limit by 15%; sodium is lower by 17% - in cow No. 214, by 20% - in cow No. 277, in other animals - by 10%. An insufficient content of potassium was found only in one cow No. 277. In some animals, the activity of amylase was sharply increased (by 75% in cow No. 434, by 55% in cow No. 309). Almost all animals have the low level of cholesterol. Identified deviations from the norm in the biochemical composition of the blood of cows can be explained by the failure to keep the requirements for the quality and nutritional value of the feed, which leads to poor palatability and digestibility of the feed and digestibility of nutrients and requires the development of right feeding rations.