Control of morphofunctional and metabolic state in young swimmers

Aim. The aim of this article is to conduct the monitoring of morphofunctional and metabolic state in young swimmers at the final stages of preparation to socially significant competitions. Materials and methods. We examined young swimmers aged 12-16 years from learning and training groups and the groups of sports improvement having 3rd-2nd ranks (12.25 ± 0.50 years), 1st-2nd ranks (14.88 ± 0.39 years) or the Candidate in Masters of Sports and Master of Sports qualification (16.00 ± 0.26 years). Each age group consisted of 15 teenagers and girls. Sport experience in swimming was from 5 to 8 years. The examination was conducted in the Research center for sports science at the final stages of preparation to socially significant competitions. We used Tanita diagnostic appliance (Japan) to measure body composition. Express-information on blood indices under stress and functional metabolic reactions allowed us to reveal weak components of homeostasis (Nonivasive Hemogram Analyzer AMP, Ukraine). The assessment of functional and molecular cell state was performed with the help of Oxycon Mobile diagnostic appliance (FRG). Results. We revealed that huge training loads provoke significant shifts in the morphological structures and biochemical processes of tissues and organs. The disturbance of homeostasis in athletes performing physical exercises occurs only under near threshold loads. It may occur either at the initial stage of training with huge training loads without taking into account the principle of a gradual increase in loads or if athlete’s abilities do not correspond to training loads. Conclusion. The monitoring performed allowed us to reveal long-term and short-team reactions of the body to huge training loads. At the same time, the single functional system determined the results of training and competition activity. Under these conditions we revealed weak components, which can be improved with the help of load regulation, recovery, pharmacological drugs or approved biologically active additives.