Morpho-functional and molecular-biological factors of the prediction of gastric cancer

The article summarizes and systematizes modern concepts of molecular genetic mechanisms of gastric cancer pathogenesis, examines genotoxic and epigenomic mechanisms of chromosome modification that cause disruption of the status of oncogenes and suppressor genes, as well as the most important signaling pathways that determine disruption of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, contains data about the molecular genetic characteristics of intestinal and diffuse types of stomach cancer. Among genotoxic lesions, genomic (change in the number of chromosomes, or aneuploidy) and chromosomal mutations that occur as a result of deletion, amplification or translocation of genes are considered characteristic of stomach cancer. Special attention is paid to the epigenomic mechanisms of chromosome damage, in particular, DNA methylation and changes in the RNA profile, which determine the development of a new strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.