Supramalleolar osteotomies: indications, surgical techniques and treatment results. Literature review

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to analyze the data of modern scientifi literature outlining the indications, techniques, results and complications of supramalleolar osteotomies in treatment of ankle arthrosis.Material and methods: The work analyzes articles published in such aggregators as PubMed, Medline, elibrary which cover data on supramalleolar osteotomies. Articles older than 10 years were not included. Previous literature reviews, clinical cases, trials with low number of cases were excluded.Result: Patients with the presence of deformity at the level of the ankle joint have a high risk of pathological load distribution on the articular surfaces in the ankle joint, which ultimately leads to the development of asymmetric ankle arthrosis. Supramalleolar osteotomies allow for restoring the biomechanics of the joint with a reduction of pain syndrome and slowing down the degenerative changes in the joint. Most of authors of the world literature emphasize thehigh satisfaction of patients with this methods of treatment, demonstrate good short- and medium-term results, the analysis of which is presented in the article on the basis of current works of leading experts of the world.Conclusion: Surgical techniques aimed at preserving the ankle joint in case of asymmetric arthrosis of the ankle joint with varus or valgus deformity are becoming more popular in modern orthopedic society. The conducted literature research showed that this operative treatment leads to good clinical results, corrects the hindfoot deformity and gives high results of patient satisfaction. Conservative treatment of ankle arthrosis does not bring expected results. Radical surgical techniques, such as ankle arthrodesis, can lead to a redistribution of the load on adjacent joints, which leads to secondary deformities and pain syndrome.