Finds of copper ladles of XII century in Veliky Novgorod: the issue of the sources and composition of raw materials in the Novgorod market of non-ferrous metals revisited

This paper introduced into scientific discourse new vessels which havereplenished a small collection of copper ladles of oriental origin. The ladles damagedin old times were discovered in the layer dated to the third quarter of the 12th century(Vozdvizhensky-3 excavation area) and the layer of the end of the 12th century(Rogatisky-2014 excavation area) in Veliky Novgorod in 2014. The ladles are made from'pure copper' and tin and lead bronze, respectively. The closest analogies to the vesselsfound in Novgorod originate in Volga Bulgaria. The ladles discovered should be treated asan evidence of out of use vessels employed as copper raw materials imported to Novgorodin the 12th-13th centuries, predominantly, from Volga Bulgaria.