Zinc oxide nanoparticles in animal husbandry: from synthesis methods to practical application

The aim of the study is a comprehensive review of modern research on the methods of synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles and their potential use in animal husbandry. The methodology of the systematic review was carried out in accordance with the international PRISMA recommendations. To identify relevant studies, an electronic search was conducted in the leading scientometric databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The review systematizes modern data on the methods of obtaining zinc oxide nanoparticles, including physicochemical and biological methods of synthesis; considers studies on the safety assessment of the used nanoparticles in in vivo experiments; presents the results of work on the use of these nanoparticles in the diets of farm animals as a mineral source of zinc. The development and implementation of alternative feed additives in the form of microelement nanoparticles is one of the promising approaches to optimizing the feeding of farm animals. Zinc deficiency is a serious problem in animal husbandry, having a negative impact on metabolism, growth rate and efficiency, and the reproductive system of animals. In this regard, scientists propose the use of NPZnO to prevent deficiency states, improve immunity and reduce susceptibility to infectious diseases, and increase the productive qualities of animals. On the one hand, the prospects of using NPZnO as feed additives are confirmed by a large volume of accumulated data. On the other hand, there are still questions about the correct choice of optimal dosages, shapes and sizes of nanoparticles used for various types of farm animals. In addition, further studies are needed to assess the longterm effects and potential risks associated with the use of NPZnO.