Sleep Disorders in the Elderly: Impact on Cognitive Functions and Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sleep quality declines with age, which can significantly impact cognitive function and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This article reviews key aspects of the impact of sleep disturbances on the health of older adults, including the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation affects cognition, emotional state, and overall well-being. Key factors contributing to sleep disturbances are highlighted, including age-related changes in circadian rhythms, comorbidities, medications, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and decreased melatonin levels. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation, such as memory impairment, decreased concentration, slower information processing, and an increased risk of dementia, are discussed. The relationship between sleep disturbances and the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain, which contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, is highlighted. The article also provides recommendations for improving sleep quality in older adults, including maintaining a sleep schedule, creating comfortable conditions for rest, moderate physical activity, using cognitive behavioral therapy methods, and using pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to treating insomnia. The authors emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and correction of sleep disorders to maintain cognitive health and reduce the risk of dementia.