The legacy of the civil war in the relations of the Cossacks and the peasantry of southern Russia with the authorities in the 1920s

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is to identify the practices and socio-cultural manifestations of the legacy of the Civil War in the Soviet society of the 1920s. In the South of Russia, violence persisted in the form of insurgent actions, clashes over land and the distribution of power resources, symbolic influence. The purpose of the article is to identify the forms of the legacy of the Civil War in the relations of the Cossacks and the peasantry of the South of Russia with the authorities in 1921-1926. Methods and materials. The novelty of the article is manifested in the synchronous comparative analysis of conflicts based on the materials of the Don, Kuban and Terek. Analysis and results. Attention is paid to the experience of the amnesty of White movement participants and repatriates in 1924-1925, the presence of alternative forms of civil self- organization in the village communities. The similarities and differences in the perception of the experience of the Civil War by Cossacks and “nonresident” peasants, as well as by socio-class groups of the poor, middle- class and well-off are established. It is proved that the party-state authorities initially regarded the course “Face to the village” as ensuring civil peace, but by the spring of 1926 they refused full-fledged reforms. The civil peace was also disputed within the community of farmers: both by wealthy Cossacks who dreamed of restoring the pre-revolutionary order, and by “red partisans” and demobilized Red Army soldiers who wanted a second revolution. The “military alarm” of 1927 and the extraordinary measures of grain procurement led to the return of the Southern Russian villages to mass practices of violence.